The time needed for the osseointegration of titanium implants is deemed too long. Moreover, the bacterial colonization of their surfaces is a major cause of failure. Graphene can overcome these issues but its wet transfer onto substrates employs hazardous chemicals limiting the clinical applications. Alternatively, dry transfer technique has been developed, but the biological properties of this technique remain unexplored. Here, a dry transfer technique based on a hot-pressing method allowed to coat titanium substrates with high-quality graphene and coverage area >90% with a single transfer. The graphene-coated titanium is cytocompatible, did not induce cell membrane damage, induced human osteoblast maturation (gene and protein level), and increased the deposition of mineralized matrix compared to titanium alone. Moreover, graphene decreased the formation of biofilms from Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and even from whole saliva on titanium without killing the bacteria. These findings confirm that coating of titanium with graphene via a dry transfer technique is a promising strategy to improve osseointegration and prevent biofilm formation on implants and devices.

中文翻译：

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石墨烯到医用级钛上：一种原子厚的多峰涂层，可促进成骨细胞成熟并抑制不同物种的生物膜形成

钛植入物骨整合所需的时间被认为太长。而且，它们表面的细菌定殖是失败的主要原因。石墨烯可以克服这些问题，但是其向基材上的湿转移会使用有害化学物质，从而限制了临床应用。替代地，已经开发了干转移技术，但是该技术的生物学性质仍未探索。在此，基于热压法的干式转移技术允许通过一次转移就可以涂覆具有高质量石墨烯且覆盖面积> 90％的钛基材。与单独的钛相比，石墨烯涂层的钛具有细胞相容性，不会诱导细胞膜损伤，不会诱导人成骨细胞成熟（基因和蛋白质水平），并且增加了矿化基质的沉积。而且，变形链球菌，粪肠球菌甚至整个唾液都可以在钛上杀死细菌。这些发现证实，通过干转移技术用石墨烯涂覆钛是改善骨整合并防止在植入物和装置上形成生物膜的有前途的策略。