Metal oxides with high porosity usually exhibit better performance in many applications, as compared with the corresponding bulk materials. Template-assisted method is generally employed to prepare porous metal oxides. However, the template-assisted method is commonly operated in wet conditions, which requires solvents, soluble metal oxide precursors, and a long time for drying. To overwhelm those drawbacks of the wet procedure, a mechanochemical nanocasting method is developed in the current work. Inspired by solid-state synthesis, this strategy proceeds without solvents, and the ball milling process can enable pores replicated in a shorter time (60 min). By this method, a series of highly porous metal oxides were obtained, with several cases approaching the corresponding surface area records (e.g., ZrO₂, 293 m² g^–1; Fe₂O₃, 163 m² g^–1; CeO₂, 211 m² g^–1; CuO_x-CeO_y catalyst, 237 m² g^–1; CuO_x-CoO_y-CeO_z catalyst, 203 m² g^–1). Abundant nanopores with clear lattice fringes in metal oxide products were witnessed by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) in high angle annular dark field (HAADF). By combination of mechanochemical synthesis and nanocasting, current technology provides a general and simple pathway to porous metal oxides.

中文翻译：

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力学化学纳米浇铸法轻松合成高多孔金属氧化物

与相应的块状材料相比，具有高孔隙率的金属氧化物通常在许多应用中表现出更好的性能。通常采用模板辅助方法来制备多孔金属氧化物。但是，模板辅助方法通常在潮湿条件下操作，这需要溶剂，可溶性金属氧化物前体和干燥时间较长。为了克服湿法工艺的这些缺点，目前的工作中开发了一种机械化学的纳米浇铸方法。受固态合成的启发，这种策略无需溶剂即可进行，球磨工艺可在更短的时间内（60分钟）使孔复制。通过这种方法，获得了一系列高度多孔的金属氧化物，其中几种情况接近相应的表面积记录（例如ZrO ₂，293 m ² g ^–1 ; 的Fe ₂ Ó ₃，163米²克^-1 ; 的CeO ₂，211米²克^-1 ; CuO _x -CeO _y催化剂，237 m ² g ^–1；CuO _x -CoO _y -CeO _z催化剂，203 m ² g ^–1）。在高角度环形暗场（HAADF）中通过扫描透射电子显微镜（STEM）观察到金属氧化物产物中有大量清晰晶格条纹的纳米孔。通过机械化学合成和纳米浇铸的结合，当前技术提供了通向多孔金属氧化物的通用且简单的途径。