Water collection via heterogeneous condensation and fog harvesting has important implications in everyday life and in several industrial applications. Recently, the unique combination of surface morphology and wettability exhibited by natural and biological species is receiving increasing attention from the scientific community. Surface morphology of such species exhibits unique micro- and nanostructure arrangements, which play a paramount role in water vapor condensation and fog harvesting. In this work, we focus on the design and replication of the bioinspired surface Gladiolus dalenii (G. dalenii) using inexpensive, facile and scalable soft lithography fabrication technique. The extent of micro- and nanostructure surface replication is evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and 3D laser optical microscopy. In addition, we compare the performance of G. dalenii leaf and its bioinspired replica during droplet condensation at the microscale using environmental scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy and also its fog harvesting behavior. Droplet nucleation and growth is investigated in detail and correlated with the unique surface micro- and nanostructures arranged in a hierarchical manner on such surfaces when compared to smooth control sample. In addition, the different water collection performance on fixated and on replicated G. dalenii, as well as on the smooth control sample is compared and demonstrated by the surface energy analysis proposed. To conclude, by taking advantage of the unique G. dalenii surface morphology, this work successfully demonstrates the excellent condensation heat transfer and fog harvesting behavior of bioinspired functional surfaces fabricated using soft lithography when compared to the flat configuration. In addition, we also demonstrate the near-accurate replication of the microsurface structures and of the governing mechanisms behind condensation and fog harvesting.

中文翻译：

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唐菖蒲dalenii基于仿生通过软刻蚀及其在水汽凝结和雾收获应用结构化的表面

通过非均相冷凝和雾气收集来收集水，对日常生活和一些工业应用都具有重要意义。近来，自然和生物物种表现出的表面形态和润湿性的独特结合正受到科学界的越来越多的关注。这种物种的表面形态表现出独特的微观和纳米结构排列，这在水蒸气凝结和雾气收集中起着至关重要的作用。在这项工作中，我们专注于生物启发的表面唐diol蒲（G. dalenii）的设计和复制。）使用便宜，方便和可扩展的软光刻制造技术。使用扫描电子显微镜和3D激光光学显微镜评估微结构和纳米结构表面的复制程度。此外，我们使用环境扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜在微观尺度上比较了小滴眼中液滴凝结过程中的G. dalenii叶及其受生物启发的复制品的性能，以及其雾气收获行为。当与光滑对照样品进行比较时，将对液滴的成核和生长进行详细研究，并将其与以分层方式排列在此类表面上的独特表面微结构和纳米结构相关联。此外，固定和复制的G. dalenii的不同集水性能，以及对光滑对照样品的比较，并通过提出的表面能分析加以论证。总而言之，通过利用独特的G. dalenii表面形态，这项工作成功地证明了与平板配置相比，使用软光刻技术制造的具有生物启发性功能表面的出色的冷凝传热和雾气捕集性能。此外，我们还证明了微表面结构以及凝结和雾气收集背后的调控机制的精确复制。