Synthesizing graphene nanopores Nanosize pores in graphene can make its electronic properties more favorable for transistor applications and may also be useful for molecular separations. Moreno et al. used Ullmann coupling to polymerize a dibromo-substituted diphenylbianthracene on a gold surface (see the Perspective by Sinitskii). Cyclodehydrogenation of the resulting polymer produced graphene nanoribbons, and cross-coupling of these structures created a nanoporous graphene sheet with pore sizes of about 1 nanometer. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy revealed an electronic structure in which semiconductor bands with an energy gap of 1 electron volt coexist with localized states created by the pores. Science, this issue p. 199; see also p. 154 Graphene nanoribbons are synthesized on a gold surface and interconnected to create a well-defined pore network. Nanosize pores can turn semimetallic graphene into a semiconductor and, from being impermeable, into the most efficient molecular-sieve membrane. However, scaling the pores down to the nanometer, while fulfilling the tight structural constraints imposed by applications, represents an enormous challenge for present top-down strategies. Here we report a bottom-up method to synthesize nanoporous graphene comprising an ordered array of pores separated by ribbons, which can be tuned down to the 1-nanometer range. The size, density, morphology, and chemical composition of the pores are defined with atomic precision by the design of the molecular precursors. Our electronic characterization further reveals a highly anisotropic electronic structure, where orthogonal one-dimensional electronic bands with an energy gap of ∼1 electron volt coexist with confined pore states, making the nanoporous graphene a highly versatile semiconductor for simultaneous sieving and electrical sensing of molecular species.

中文翻译：

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自下而上合成多功能纳米多孔石墨烯

合成石墨烯纳米孔石墨烯中的纳米孔可以使其电子特性更适合晶体管应用，也可能用于分子分离。莫雷诺等人。使用乌尔曼耦合在金表面聚合二溴取代的二苯基联蒽（参见 Sinitskii 的观点）。所得聚合物的环脱氢产生石墨烯纳米带，这些结构的交叉偶联产生了孔径约为 1 纳米的纳米多孔石墨烯片。扫描隧道光谱揭示了一种电子结构，其中具有 1 电子伏特能隙的半导体带与由孔隙产生的局域态共存。科学，这个问题 p。199; 另见第。154 个石墨烯纳米带在金表面合成并相互连接以形成明确的孔隙网络。纳米尺寸的孔可以将半金属石墨烯变成半导体，并从不透水变成最有效的分子筛膜。然而，将孔隙缩小到纳米级，同时满足应用强加的严格结构限制，对当前自上而下的策略来说是一个巨大的挑战。在这里，我们报告了一种自下而上的方法来合成纳米多孔石墨烯，该方法包括由带状分隔的有序孔阵列，可以将其调整到 1 纳米范围。孔的大小、密度、形态和化学成分通过分子前体的设计以原子精度定义。