Introduction and aims

This study investigates the effects of the application of antimicrobial phototherapy on black-stained tooth surfaces. Key variables were area, color and time taken to reappearance of black stain following dental prophylaxis with and without antimicrobial phototherapy. Differences in bacterial composition of black stain (specifically Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, and Porphyromonas gingivalis) were analyzed.

Material and methods

The phototherapy device used was GLO™ Science LLC, New York, America, emitting light at 475 nm and a power of 3 W. Light was applied in 2 cycles of 8 min on 31 volunteers. Microbial identification was carried out on DNA extracted from black plaque. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03309748.

Results

Following antimicrobial phototherapy, 64.5% of patients displayed reduced pigmentation area. Plaque color was lighter in 48.4% of subjects. Pigmentation area and depth of color returned to normal levels during the course of the study. Colonization by the three bacterial species decreased, although the changes were not statistically significant. We report a key novel finding showing elevated levels of colonization by Tannerella forsythia (83.9%) in adult black stain.

Conclusions

Application of phototherapy results in a reduction in area, color and bacterial colonization of black plaque in adults. The changes were not found to be statistically significant, perhaps owing to the low illumination power of the home-whitening device. For the first time, we document the elevated presence of Tannerella forsythia in adult black stain. We also demonstrate the potential application of a commercially available home-whitening device for black plaque treatment.

中文翻译：

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光疗修复成人黑色牙渍

简介和目标

本研究调查了抗菌光疗对染黑牙齿表面的影响。关键变量是面积、颜色和在使用和不使用抗菌光疗的牙科预防后黑色斑再次出现所需的时间。分析了黑色染色的细菌组成（特别是Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans、Tannerella forsythia和Porphyromonas gingivalis）的差异。

材料与方法

使用的光疗设备是美国纽约的 GLO™ Science LLC，发射波长为 475 nm 的光，功率为 3 W。光以 8 分钟的 2 个周期应用于 31 名志愿者。对从黑色斑块中提取的 DNA 进行微生物鉴定。该研究已在 ClinicalTrials.gov 注册，编号为 NCT03309748。

结果

抗菌光疗后，64.5% 的患者色素沉着面积减少。48.4% 的受试者斑块颜色较浅。在研究过程中，色素沉着面积和颜色深度恢复到正常水平。三种细菌的定殖减少，尽管变化没有统计学意义。我们报告了一项重要的新发现，显示成人黑色染色中连翘属连翘(83.9%)的定植水平升高。

结论

光疗的应用可减少成人黑色斑块的面积、颜色和细菌定植。没有发现这些变化具有统计学意义，这可能是由于家用美白设备的照明功率低。我们第一次记录了成人黑斑中连翘属连翘的升高。我们还展示了市售家用美白设备在治疗黑色斑块方面的潜在应用。