The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its components are used for the prevention and treatment of enteric disease in different species; therefore, they may also be useful for preventing Johne's disease, a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP). The objective of this study was to identify potential immunomodulatory S. cerevisiae components using a bovine macrophage cell line (BOMAC). The BOMAC phagocytic activity, reactive oxygen species production, and immune-related gene (IL6, IL10, IL12p40, IL13, IL23), transforming growth factor β, ARG1, CASP1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression were investigated when BOMAC were cocultured with cell wall components from 4 different strains (A, B, C, and D) and 2 forms of dead yeast from strain A. The BOMAC phagocytosis of mCherry-labeled MAP was concentration-dependently attenuated when BOMAC were cocultured with yeast components for 6 h. Each yeast derivative also induced a concentration-dependent increase in BOMAC reactive oxygen species production after a 6-h exposure. In addition, BOMAC mRNA expression of the immune-related genes was investigated after 6 and 24 h of exposure to yeast components. All yeast components were found to regulate the immunomodulatory genes of BOMAC; however, the response varied among components and over time. The in vitro bioassessment studies reported here suggest that dead yeast and its cell wall components may be useful for modulating macrophage function before or during MAP infection.

酵母酿酒酵母及其成分可用于预防和治疗不同物种的肠道疾病。因此，它们也可用于预防由禽鸟分枝杆菌属引起的反刍动物的慢性炎症性肠病-约翰氏病。副结核病（MAP）。这项研究的目的是使用牛巨噬细胞系（BOMAC）来鉴定潜在的免疫调节啤酒酵母成分。BOMAC的吞噬活性，活性氧的产生和免疫相关基因（IL6，IL10，IL12p40，IL13，IL23），转化生长因子β，ARG1，CASP1和BOMAC与来自4个不同菌株（A，B，C和D）的细胞壁成分和来自菌株A的2种形式的死酵母共培养时，研究了诱导型一氧化氮合酶的表达。mCherry标记的MAP的BOMAC吞噬作用为当BOMAC与酵母成分共培养6 h时，浓度依赖性减弱。在暴露6小时后，每种酵母衍生物还诱导了BOMAC反应性氧物质产生浓度依赖性的增加。另外，在暴露于酵母成分6和24小时后，研究了免疫相关基因的BOMAC mRNA表达。发现所有酵母成分均能调节BOMAC的免疫调节基因。但是，响应随组件和时间的推移而变化。