Background

Earlier scales on mindful eating do not measure mindful eating independent from emotional or external eating, or mindful eating in common situations.

Objective

The objective was to develop a new instrument to measure the attention element of mindful eating, the Mindful Eating Behavior Scale (MEBS), and to compute the internal structure, reliabilities, and convergent validity of this scale.

Design

A cross-sectional ancillary study within the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam was conducted between fall 2014 and spring 2015.

Participants/setting

Participants were 1,227 Dutch adults aged 55 years and older from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam.

Main outcome measure

A selection of 20 items from existing instruments was used to design an initial version of the MEBS.

Statistical analyses performed

The internal structure of the MEBS was evaluated using an exploratory structural equation modeling approach on half of the sample and confirmatory factor analysis on the whole sample to develop the final version of the scale. The measurement invariance of the scores was tested with respect to sex, age, and body mass index. Reliabilities of subscales were determined with Cronbach’s α. To test convergent validity, the scores of the new scale were correlated with theoretically relevant variables.

Results

Two items were deleted because of low item loadings and one item because of high correlated uniqueness. The final confirmatory factor analysis model with 17 items and four domains (Focused Eating, Hunger and Satiety Cues, Eating with Awareness, and Eating without Distraction) showed good fit (comparative fit index=0.97, Tucker-Lewis index=0.96, and root mean square error of approximation=0.04). Measurement invariance was found for sex, age, and body mass index. Cronbach’s α values were medium to high (.70 to .89). Most correlations were in the expected directions, which indicated good preliminary convergent validity.

Conclusions

The MEBS was successfully developed consisting of 17 items and four domains. Because of low interfactor correlations, a total score combining the four domains should not be computed. The MEBS showed good internal consistency and preliminary convergent validity in a sample of Dutch adults aged 55 years and older.

中文翻译：

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正念饮食行为量表：55岁及以上荷兰成年人样本的发育和心理计量学特征

背景

早期关于正念饮食的量表不能衡量正念饮食独立于情感或外部饮食，还是在常见情况下的正念饮食。

客观的

目的是开发一种新的工具来衡量正念饮食的注意因素，即正念饮食行为量表（MEBS），并计算该量表的内部结构，信度和收敛效度。

设计

2014年秋季至2015年春季，在阿姆斯特丹纵向老龄化研究中进行了横断面辅助研究。

参加者/设置

阿姆斯特丹纵向老龄化研究的参与者为1,227名55岁及以上的荷兰成年人。

主要结果指标

从现有仪器中选择了20个项目来设计MEBS的初始版本。

进行统计分析

使用探索性结构方程建模方法对一半样本进行MEBS的内部结构评估，并对整个样本进行确认性因子分析，以开发量表的最终版本。测试了分数在性别，年龄和体重指数方面的测量不变性。分量表的信度由Cronbach'sα确定。为了检验收敛效度，将新量表的得分与理论上相关的变量相关联。

结果

由于项目负荷低，删除了两个项目，而由于相关性独特性高，一项被删除。最终的确认性因子分析模型具有17个项目和四个域（集中饮食，饥饿和饱足提示，有意识饮食和无分散注意力饮食），显示出良好的拟合度（比较拟合指数= 0.97，Tucker-Lewis指数= 0.96和均方根近似平方误差= 0.04）。发现性别，年龄和体重指数的测量不变性。克朗巴赫（Cronbach）的α值从中到高（0.70到0.89）。大多数相关性都在预期的方向上，这表明良好的初步收敛有效性。

结论

MEBS已成功开发，包括17个项目和四个领域。由于低的因素间相关性，不应计算将四个域组合在一起的总分。MEBS在55岁及以上的荷兰成年人中显示出良好的内部一致性和初步收敛效度。