Energy harvesting holds great potential to achieve long-lifespan self-powered operations of wireless sensor networks, wearable devices, and medical implants, and thus has attracted substantial interest from both academia and industry. This paper presents a comprehensive review of piezoelectric energy-harvesting techniques developed in the last decade. The piezoelectric effect has been widely adopted to convert mechanical energy to electricity, due to its high energy conversion efficiency, ease of implementation, and miniaturization. From the viewpoint of applications, we are most concerned about whether an energy harvester can generate sufficient power under a variable excitation. Therefore, here we concentrate on methodologies leading to high power output and broad operational bandwidth. Different designs, nonlinear methods, optimization techniques, and harvesting materials are reviewed and discussed in depth. Furthermore, we identify four promising applications: shoes, pacemakers, tire pressure monitoring systems, and bridge and building monitoring. We review new high-performance energy harvesters proposed for each application.

能量收集具有实现无线传感器网络，可穿戴设备和医疗植入物的长寿命自供电操作的巨大潜力，因此引起了学术界和工业界的极大兴趣。本文对近十年来开发的压电能量收集技术进行了全面回顾。压电效应由于其高的能量转换效率，易于实施和小型化而被广泛地用于将机械能转换为电能。从应用的角度来看，我们最关心的是能量采集器在可变激励下是否能够产生足够的功率。因此，在这里，我们集中在导致高功率输出和宽工作带宽的方法论上。不同的设计，非线性方法 优化技术和收获材料进行了深入的审查和讨论。此外，我们确定了四个有希望的应用：鞋子，起搏器，轮胎压力监测系统以及桥梁和建筑物监测。我们将审查针对每种应用提出的新型高性能能量收集器。