Devices based on spectroscopy of atomic vapors can measure physical quantities such as magnetic fields, RF electric fields, time and length, and rotation and have applications in a broad range of fields including communications, medicine, and navigation. We present a type of photonic device that interfaces single-mode silicon nitride optical waveguides with warm atomic vapors, enabling precision spectroscopy in an extremely compact ($<1{\mathrm{cm}}^3$) package. We perform precision spectroscopy of rubidium confined in a micro-machined, $27{\mathrm{mm}}^3$ volume, vapor cell using a collimated free-space 120 μm diameter laser beam derived directly from a single-mode silicon nitride waveguide. With this optical-fiber integrated photonic spectrometer, we demonstrate an optical frequency reference at 780 nm with a stability of ${10}^{-11}$ from 1 to ${10}^4\mathrm{s}$. This device harnesses the benefits of both photonic integration and precision spectroscopy for the next generation of quantum sensors and devices based on atomic vapors.

中文翻译：

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用于激光稳定到10 ^-11不稳定性的原子蒸汽的光子芯片

基于原子蒸气光谱的设备可以测量物理量，例如磁场，RF电场，时间和长度以及旋转，并且可以在通信，医学和导航等广泛领域中得到应用。我们提出了一种光子设备，该设备可将单模氮化硅光波导与温暖的原子蒸汽相连接，从而在极其紧凑的环境中实现精密光谱分析（$<\mathrm{1个}{\mathrm{厘米}}^3$） 包裹。我们对微加工的，中的precision进行精密光谱学分析，$27{\mathrm{毫米}}^3$使用直接来自单模氮化硅波导的准直自由空间直径为120μm的激光束形成体积较大的蒸气室。借助这种集成了光纤的光子光谱仪，我们演示了780 nm处的光频率基准，其稳定性为${10}^{-11}$ 从1到 ${10}^4\mathrm{s}$。该设备充分利用了光子集成和精密光谱学的优点，可用于下一代基于原子蒸气的量子传感器和设备。