Catalysts are generally classified into three categories: homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzyme, each evolved as an independent field. Efforts to bridge these fields are scarce but desirable. In this Perspective, we first describe how numerous classes of reactions can be achieved by all three categories of catalysts. Examples are given based on a selective survey of the literature. Next, a selection of important approaches, the benefits and challenges of constructing heterogeneous–homogeneous, heterogeneous–enzyme and homogeneous–enzyme hybrid catalysts are discussed based on published researches. Hybrid catalysts not only increase the performance, including activity, selectivity, lifetime and recyclability compared to one of the components, but also offer extra functions such as a microenvironment for different reaction pathways, and cascade catalysis for products that are challenging to produce. We expect future tailor-made hybrid catalysts will combine the advantages of the components and be optimized for industrial applications.

催化剂通常分为三类：同质，异质和酶，每种均作为独立领域发展。弥合这些领域的努力很少，但可取。在此“视角”中，我们首先描述所有三类催化剂如何实现多种反应类别。实例是根据对文献的选择性调查给出的。接下来，根据已发表的研究，讨论了一些重要的方法的选择，构造异质-均相，异质-酶和均质-酶杂化催化剂的好处和挑战。与一种组分相比，杂化催化剂不仅提高了性能，包括活性，选择性，寿命和可回收性，而且还提供了额外的功能，例如针对不同反应途径的微环境，并针对难以生产的产品进行级联催化。我们希望未来的量身定制的杂化催化剂将结合各组分的优势，并针对工业应用进行优化。