Downsizing to sub-nm is a general strategy to reduce the cost of catalysts. However, theoretical Wulff-constructed model suggests that sub-nm clusters show little activity for various reactions such as ammonia decomposition and ammonia synthesis because of the lack of active sites. As clusters may deviate from the ideal model construction under reaction conditions, a host–guest strategy to synthesize thermally stable 1.0 nm monodispersed Ru clusters by the pyrolysis of MIL-101 hosts is reported here to verify the hypothesis. For ammonia decomposition, the activity of the Ru clusters is 25 times higher than that of commercial Ru/active carbon (AC) at full-conversion temperature, while for ammonia synthesis, the activity of the Ru clusters is 500 times as high as that of promoted Ru NPs counterpart. The catalyst also maintains its activities for 40 h without any increase in the size. This model can be used to develop a host–guest strategy for designing thermally stable sub-nm clusters to atomic–efficiently catalyze reactions.

中文翻译：

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亚纳米钌簇可作为氨分解和合成的有效而强大的催化剂：打破“束缚”

缩小至亚纳米是降低催化剂成本的一般策略。但是，理论上由Wulff构建的模型表明，由于缺少活性位，亚纳米簇对诸如氨分解和氨合成等各种反应几乎没有活性。由于团簇在反应条件下可能偏离理想的模型构造，因此在此报道了通过MIL-101主体的热解合成热稳定的1.0 nm单分散Ru团簇的主体-客体策略，以验证该假设。在全转化温度下，氨分解的Ru团簇的活性比市售Ru /活性炭（AC）高25倍，而氨合成的Ru团簇的活性是Ru的活性的500倍。晋升汝国民党的同行。催化剂还可以保持其活性40小时，而尺寸不会增加。此模型可用于开发主客体策略，以设计热稳定的亚纳米簇以原子有效地催化反应。