Fluorescent nucleosides with modified nucleobases are useful tools for detecting nucleic acids and probing their structures and functions. Nucleobases are suitable for modification because 1) intrinsically light-absorbing nucleobases can be converted to fluorescent chromophores by simple chemical modification, 2) attaching substituents to nucleobases at appropriately selected positions does not inhibit base pairing or duplex formation, and 3) duplex formation and protein interactions affect the environment of nucleobases, causing changes in their fluorescence intensities and/or wavelengths. This review summarizes recent fluorescent nucleosides and their photophysical properties, such as absorption wavelength, emission wavelength, and fluorescence quantum yield together with their solvent dependency.

具有修饰的核碱基的荧光核苷是检测核酸并探测其结构和功能的有用工具。核碱基适于修改，因为1）本征光吸收核碱基可以通过简单的化学修饰，2）在适当选择的位置上附连取代基，以核碱基不抑制碱基配对或双链体形成，以及3）双链体的形成和蛋白质转化为荧光发色团相互作用会影响核碱基的环境，导致其荧光强度和/或波长发生变化。这篇综述总结了最近的荧光核苷及其光物理性质，例如吸收波长，发射波长和荧光量子产率以及它们对溶剂的依赖性。