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Metabolic enzyme PFKFB4 activates transcriptional coactivator SRC-3 to drive breast cancer
Nature ( IF 50.5 ) Pub Date : 2018-04-01 , DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0018-1
Subhamoy Dasgupta 1, 2 , Kimal Rajapakshe 1 , Bokai Zhu 1 , Bryan C Nikolai 1 , Ping Yi 1 , Nagireddy Putluri 1 , Jong Min Choi 1 , Sung Y Jung 3 , Cristian Coarfa 1 , Thomas F Westbrook 3 , Xiang H-F Zhang 1 , Charles E Foulds 1, 4 , Sophia Y Tsai 1 , Ming-Jer Tsai 1 , Bert W O'Malley 1
Affiliation  

Alterations in both cell metabolism and transcriptional programs are hallmarks of cancer that sustain rapid proliferation and metastasis1. However, the mechanisms that control the interaction between metabolic reprogramming and transcriptional regulation remain unclear. Here we show that the metabolic enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 4 (PFKFB4) regulates transcriptional reprogramming by activating the oncogenic steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3). We used a kinome-wide RNA interference-based screening method to identify potential kinases that modulate the intrinsic SRC-3 transcriptional response. PFKFB4, a regulatory enzyme that synthesizes a potent stimulator of glycolysis2, is found to be a robust stimulator of SRC-3 that coregulates oestrogen receptor. PFKFB4 phosphorylates SRC-3 at serine 857 and enhances its transcriptional activity, whereas either suppression of PFKFB4 or ectopic expression of a phosphorylation-deficient Ser857Ala mutant SRC-3 abolishes the SRC-3-mediated transcriptional output. Functionally, PFKFB4-driven SRC-3 activation drives glucose flux towards the pentose phosphate pathway and enables purine synthesis by transcriptionally upregulating the expression of the enzyme transketolase. In addition, the two enzymes adenosine monophosphate deaminase-1 (AMPD1) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), which are involved in purine metabolism, were identified as SRC-3 targets that may or may not be directly involved in purine synthesis. Mechanistically, phosphorylation of SRC-3 at Ser857 increases its interaction with the transcription factor ATF4 by stabilizing the recruitment of SRC-3 and ATF4 to target gene promoters. Ablation of SRC-3 or PFKFB4 suppresses breast tumour growth in mice and prevents metastasis to the lung from an orthotopic setting, as does Ser857Ala-mutant SRC-3. PFKFB4 and phosphorylated SRC-3 levels are increased and correlate in oestrogen receptor-positive tumours, whereas, in patients with the basal subtype, PFKFB4 and SRC-3 drive a common protein signature that correlates with the poor survival of patients with breast cancer. These findings suggest that the Warburg pathway enzyme PFKFB4 acts as a molecular fulcrum that couples sugar metabolism to transcriptional activation by stimulating SRC-3 to promote aggressive metastatic tumours.The glycolytic enzyme PFKFB4 directly phosphorylates and regulates binding of the coactivator SRC-3 to ATF4 and thereby increases the transcriptional activity of this complex, leading to increased expression of metabolic genes, and enhancing tumour growth and metastasis.

中文翻译:


代谢酶 PFKFB4 激活转录共激活因子 SRC-3 驱动乳腺癌



细胞代谢和转录程序的改变是维持快速增殖和转移的癌症的标志。然而,控制代谢重编程和转录调控之间相互作用的机制仍不清楚。在这里,我们证明代谢酶 6-磷酸果糖-2-激酶/果糖-2,6-双磷酸酶 4 (PFKFB4) 通过激活致癌类固醇受体辅激活因子 3 (SRC-3) 来调节转录重编程。我们使用基于全激酶组 RNA 干扰的筛选方法来识别调节内在 SRC-3 转录反应的潜在激酶。 PFKFB4 是一种合成糖酵解 2 有效刺激剂的调节酶,被发现是共同调节雌激素受体的 SRC-3 的强力刺激剂。 PFKFB4 在丝氨酸 857 处磷酸化 SRC-3 并增强其转录活性,而抑制 PFKFB4 或磷酸化缺陷的 Ser857Ala 突变体 SRC-3 的异位表达会消除 SRC-3 介导的转录输出。从功能上讲,PFKFB4 驱动的 SRC-3 激活可驱动葡萄糖流向磷酸戊糖途径,并通过转录上调转酮醇酶的表达来实现嘌呤合成。此外,参与嘌呤代谢的两种酶腺苷单磷酸脱氨酶-1 (AMPD1) 和黄嘌呤脱氢酶 (XDH) 被确定为可能直接或不直接参与嘌呤合成的 SRC-3 靶标。从机制上讲,SRC-3 Ser857 处的磷酸化通过稳定 SRC-3 和 ATF4 向靶基因启动子的募集来增强其与转录因子 ATF4 的相互作用。 SRC-3 或 PFKFB4 的消融可抑制小鼠乳腺肿瘤的生长,并防止原位环境转移至肺部,Ser857Ala 突变体 SRC-3 也是如此。 PFKFB4 和磷酸化 SRC-3 水平在雌激素受体阳性肿瘤中升高并相关,而在基础亚型患者中,PFKFB4 和 SRC-3 驱动共同的蛋白质特征,该特征与乳腺癌患者的不良生存率相关。这些发现表明,Warburg途径酶PFKFB4作为分子支点,通过刺激SRC-3将糖代谢与转录激活偶联,从而促进侵袭性转移性肿瘤。糖酵解酶PFKFB4直接磷酸化并调节共激活剂SRC-3与ATF4的结合,从而增加该复合物的转录活性,导致代谢基因的表达增加,并增强肿瘤的生长和转移。
更新日期:2018-04-01
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