Abstract The use of external electric and magnetic fields for the synthesis and processing of inorganic materials such as metals and ceramics has seen renewed interest in recent years. Electromagnetic energy can be utilized in different ways to improve or accelerate phase formation and stabilization, chemical ordering, densification and coarsening of particle-based materials (pore elimination and grain growth), and mechanical deformation (plasticity and creep). In these new synthesis and processing routes, the resulting microstructures and macroscopic material behavior are determined by the interaction of the applied fields with defects such as single or clustered point defects, dislocation networks, and interfaces. Multiscale experimental investigations and modeling are necessary to unveil the mechanisms underlying this field-assisted manipulation of matter.

中文翻译：

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通过电场和磁场操纵物质：无机材料的新合成和加工路线

摘要 近年来，利用外部电场和磁场合成和加工金属和陶瓷等无机材料引起了人们的兴趣。可以以不同方式利用电磁能来改善或加速粒子基材料的相形成和稳定化、化学有序化、致密化和粗化（孔隙消除和晶粒生长）以及机械变形（塑性和蠕变）。在这些新的合成和加工路线中，所产生的微观结构和宏观材料行为取决于应用场与缺陷的相互作用，例如单点或聚集点缺陷、位错网络和界面。