The structure of RNA has been a natural subject for mathematical modeling, inviting many innovative computational frameworks. This single-stranded polynucleotide chain can fold upon itself in numerous ways to form hydrogen-bonded segments, imperfect with single-stranded loops. Illustrating these paired and non-paired interaction networks, known as RNA's secondary (2D) structure, using mathematical graph objects has been illuminating for RNA structure analysis. Building upon such seminal work from the 1970s and 1980s, graph models are now used to study not only RNA structure but also describe RNA's recurring modular units, sample the conformational space accessible to RNAs, predict RNA's three-dimensional folds, and apply the combined aspects to novel RNA design. In this article, we outline the development of the RNA-As-Graphs (or RAG) approach and highlight current applications to RNA structure prediction and design.

中文翻译：

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RNA 图的冒险

RNA 的结构一直是数学建模的自然主题，吸引了许多创新的计算框架。这种单链多核苷酸链可以以多种方式在自身上折叠以形成氢键区段，单链环是不完美的。使用数学图形对象来说明这些成对和非成对的相互作用网络，称为 RNA 的二级 (2D) 结构，已经为 RNA 结构分析提供了启发。在 1970 年代和 1980 年代开创性工作的基础上，图模型现在不仅用于研究 RNA 结构，还用于描述 RNA 的重复模块单元，对 RNA 可访问的构象空间进行采样，预测 RNA 的三维折叠，并应用组合方面到新颖的 RNA 设计。在本文中，