Abstract Hydropower has the largest share among renewable energy sources in the world, supplying more than 16.6% of total global electricity to over 160 countries around the world. Global hydropower capacity increased to approximately 1096 GW with the addition of 25 GW of new hydropower capacity in 2016. With a 216 TWh per year generation capacity, Turkey’s hydropower potential is the largest in Europe. The increased rate of installed capacity in Turkey was ranked 7th in the world in 2016 with an annual installed hydroelectric capacity of 0.8 GW. The main objective of this paper is to review the developments of hydropower installations around the world and in Turkey with an emphasis on the potential of small scale hydropower systems such as waterwheels in utilizing low head water flow for household electricity usage. In the first part of this study, the growth of worldwide hydropower capacity is reviewed and the countries with the largest installed and new built hydropower capacities are reported. In the second part of this study, the current status of Turkey’s hydropower plants is discussed in detail with respect to annual regional rainfall, gross water mass flow and potential of Turkey’s major water basins to demonstrate the potential energy output that can be harnessed from small-scale systems implemented in low-head water sources. In addition, the most recent information on Turkey’s electricity generation and consumption rates are reported.

中文翻译：

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水电设施在土耳其和世界可持续能源发展中的作用

摘要 水电在世界可再生能源中占有最大份额，为全球160多个国家提供了全球总电力的16.6%以上。随着 2016 年新增 25 吉瓦的水电装机容量，全球水电装机容量增至约 1096 吉瓦。土耳其的水电潜力为欧洲最大，年发电量达 216 太瓦时。土耳其2016年装机容量增速世界第7位，水电年装机容量0.8GW。本文的主要目的是回顾世界各地和土耳其水电设施的发展，重点关注小规模水电系统（如水车）在利用低水头水流用于家庭用电方面的潜力。在本研究的第一部分，回顾了全球水电装机容量的增长，并报告了安装和新建水电装机容量最大的国家。在本研究的第二部分，详细讨论了土耳其水电站的现状，包括年度区域降雨量、总水质量流量和土耳其主要流域的潜力，以证明可以从小规模利用的潜在能源输出在低水头水源中实施的规模系统。此外，还报告了有关土耳其发电和消费率的最新信息。详细讨论了土耳其水电站的现状，涉及年度区域降雨量、总水质量流量和土耳其主要流域的潜力，以证明可以从低水头水实施的小型系统中利用的潜在能源输出来源。此外，还报告了有关土耳其发电和消费率的最新信息。详细讨论了土耳其水电站的现状，涉及年度区域降雨量、总水质量流量和土耳其主要流域的潜力，以展示可以从低水头水实施的小型系统中利用的潜在能源输出来源。此外，还报告了有关土耳其发电和消费率的最新信息。