From “Cellular” RNA to “Smart” RNA: Multiple Roles of RNA in Genome Stability and Beyond,Chemical Reviews

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From “Cellular” RNA to “Smart” RNA: Multiple Roles of RNA in Genome Stability and Beyond
Chemical Reviews ( IF 51.4 ) Pub Date : 2018-03-30 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00487
Flavia Michelini ₁ , Ameya P. Jalihal ₂ , Sofia Francia _{1,

3} , Chance Meers ₄ , Zachary T. Neeb ₅ , Francesca Rossiello ₁ , Ubaldo Gioia ₁ , Julio Aguado ₁ , Corey Jones-Weinert ₁ , Brian Luke _{6,

7} , Giuseppe Biamonti ₃ , Mariusz Nowacki ₅ , Francesca Storici ₄ , Piero Carninci ₈ , Nils G. Walter ₂ , Fabrizio d’Adda di Fagagna _{1,

3}

Affiliation

Coding for proteins has been considered the main function of RNA since the “central dogma” of biology was proposed. The discovery of noncoding transcripts shed light on additional roles of RNA, ranging from the support of polypeptide synthesis, to the assembly of subnuclear structures, to gene expression modulation. Cellular RNA has therefore been recognized as a central player in often unanticipated biological processes, including genomic stability. This ever-expanding list of functions inspired us to think of RNA as a “smart” phone, which has replaced the older obsolete “cellular” phone. In this review, we summarize the last two decades of advances in research on the interface between RNA biology and genome stability. We start with an account of the emergence of noncoding RNA, and then we discuss the involvement of RNA in DNA damage signaling and repair, telomere maintenance, and genomic rearrangements. We continue with the depiction of single-molecule RNA detection techniques, and we conclude by illustrating the possibilities of RNA modulation in hopes of creating or improving new therapies. The widespread biological functions of RNA have made this molecule a reoccurring theme in basic and translational research, warranting it the transcendence from classically studied “cellular” RNA to “smart” RNA.

中文翻译：

从“细胞” RNA到“智能” RNA：RNA在基因组稳定性中的多重作用及超越

自从提出了生物学的“中心教条”以来，蛋白质的编码就被认为是RNA的主要功能。非编码转录本的发现阐明了RNA的其他作用，从多肽合成的支持到亚核结构的组装，再到基因表达调控。因此，细胞RNA已被公认为包括基因组稳定性在内的通常未曾预料到的生物学过程中的核心角色。功能的不断扩展激发我们将RNA视为“智能”电话的一种，它取代了较旧的过时的“蜂窝”电话。在这篇综述中，我们总结了RNA生物学与基因组稳定性之间的关系研究的最近二十年进展。我们先来介绍非编码RNA的出现，然后我们讨论RNA在DNA损伤信号传导和修复，端粒维持和基因组重排中的参与。我们继续对单分子RNA检测技术的描述，并通过说明RNA调制的可能性来结束，以期希望创建或改进新疗法。RNA广泛的生物学功能使该分子成为基础研究和转化研究的主题，这使其从经典研究的“细胞” RNA到“智能” RNA具有超越性。

更新日期：2018-03-30

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