Abstract A low alcohol beer evoking similar sensory enjoyment as its higher alcohol counterpart is potentially an attractive proposition to breweries for increased sales volumes, as well as consumers due to health and societal reasons. This study aimed to determine the influence of ethanol on the temporal sensory characteristics and liking of beer as perceived by beer consumers. A commercial 0% ethanol concentration lager was spiked with ethanol to different concentrations (0.5%, 2.8%, 5% ethanol). Consumers (n = 101) indicated their liking using temporal liking (TL) methodology (rated throughout consumption) and overall liking (rated at the end of consumption). Consumers also denoted the sensory properties perceived using temporal Check-All-That-Apply (TCATA). Overall, liking data divided consumers into 3 clusters with different patterns of liking. As ethanol concentration increased from 0 to 5%, the TL time that best predicted overall liking shifted from 60 s to 10–20 s indicating that liking of higher alcohol products was decided earlier on in consumption. Data suggested that in a lower ethanol beer, a liking judgement may not be stabilized until later in the evaluation, while in high ethanol beers, a liking judgement, either positive or negative, stabilised more rapidly. TCATA results revealed different temporal sensory profiles among the different ethanol concentrations. As ethanol concentration increased, the citation of sweetness, fullness/body and alcohol warming sensation increased. However, the relationship between TCATA citations and TL varied among the three clusters highlighting that, in relation to ethanol concentration, different negative and positive sensory drivers of preference exist for different segments of consumers.

中文翻译：

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使用组合时间方法评估乙醇浓度对拉格啤酒喜好和感官属性的影响

摘要 低酒精度啤酒与其高酒精度啤酒具有相似的感官享受，这对于啤酒厂以增加销量以及由于健康和社会原因而吸引消费者而言可能是一个有吸引力的主张。本研究旨在确定乙醇对啤酒消费者感知的啤酒时间感官特征和喜好的影响。在商业 0% 乙醇浓度的啤酒中加入不同浓度的乙醇（0.5%、2.8%、5% 乙醇）。消费者 (n = 101) 使用时间喜好 (TL) 方法（在整个消费过程中评分）和整体喜好（在消费结束时评分）表示他们的喜好。消费者还表示使用时间性 Check-All-That-Apply (TCATA) 感知的感官特性。全面的，喜好数据将消费者分为具有不同喜好模式的 3 个集群。随着乙醇浓度从 0% 增加到 5%，最能预测整体喜好的 TL 时间从 60 秒变为 10-20 秒，表明对高级酒精产品的喜好是在消费时更早决定的。数据表明，在低乙醇啤酒中，喜好判断可能要到评估后期才会稳定下来，而在高乙醇啤酒中，喜好判断，无论是积极的还是消极的，都更快地稳定下来。TCATA 结果揭示了不同乙醇浓度之间的不同时间感官特征。随着乙醇浓度的增加，甜味、丰满度/酒体和酒精温热感的引用增加。然而，TCATA 引用和 TL 之间的关系在三个集群中有所不同，突出显示，