Rapid transformation to meet the Paris 1.5°C climate target requires greater attention to be given to the role of innovative low carbon early stage businesses and the public sector's role in addressing finance gaps for longer horizon investment requirements. As entrepreneurs require different forms of finance as their businesses grow and move up the ‘finance escalator’, we explore the role of public sector support for grant, equity, debt and new forms of crowd funding finance in higher and lower income countries. These funds can enable individual sustainability focussed businesses to access finance and encourage finance into new areas through having a demonstration effect. We conclude that a finance ecosystem approach is required that ensures complementary forms of finance for low carbon investment are connected at local, national and international scales, alongside support to build entrepreneurial skills and investment readiness. There is also a need for better evidence of the role of public sector support and where there is greatest impact on climate change.

为了实现巴黎1.5°C的气候目标而进行的快速转型，需要更加关注创新的低碳早期企业的作用以及公共部门在解决融资缺口问题上的作用，从而满足更长远的投资需求。随着企业家在其业务发展和向“财务自动扶梯”发展的过程中需要不同形式的融资，我们探讨了公共部门在高收入和低收入国家中对赠款，股权，债务和新型众筹融资的支持作用。这些资金可以通过发挥示范作用，使注重可持续性的个体企业获得融资，并鼓励融资进入新领域。我们得出的结论是，需要采用一种金融生态系统方法，以确保低碳投资的互补形式的融资在本地，国家和国际规模，以及建立企业家技能和投资准备的支持。还需要更好地证明公共部门支持的作用以及对气候变化影响最大的地方。