Abstract Non-enzymatic glucose monitoring for biomedical applications asks for long-term stable and selective sensors at neutral pH. A hierarchical platinum micro-/nanostructured electrode along with a novel measurement scheme leads to increased sensitivity, selectivity and stability compared to state-of-the-art. The hierarchical electrode coating was applied by a scalable two-step process, which combined electrochemical deposition and colloidal synthesis to obtain a hierarchical structure with high surface roughness. This three-dimensional structure consists of a cauliflower-like platinum deposition, which is coated by a platinum nanowire network. Amperometric glucose measurements showed a 10,000-fold increase in sensitivity (473 μA cm−2 mM−1) compared to unmodified electrodes and linear behavior in the physiological range. The obtained sensitivities are among the highest values reported for non-enzymatic glucose sensors in neutral pH media. The hierarchical morphology provides a selectivity mechanism depending on the reaction kinetics, improving the selectivity for glucose in the presence of the interferent ascorbic acid 2000-fold. Selectivity was further enhanced by low-frequency electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Chronoamperometric protocols were developed to achieve long-term stability and overcome the loss of sensitivity due to electrode poisoning. Using chronoamperometric protocols for both the amperometry and the EIS measurements improved stability significantly. The presented results make hierarchical platinum micro-/nanostructured electrodes a promising candidate for continuous glucose monitoring.

中文翻译：

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基于分层铂微/纳米结构的非酶葡萄糖传感

摘要 用于生物医学应用的非酶葡萄糖监测需要在中性 pH 值下长期稳定且具有选择性的传感器。与最先进的技术相比，分级铂微/纳米结构电极以及新颖的测量方案可提高灵敏度、选择性和稳定性。分级电极涂层通过可扩展的两步法应用，该工艺结合电化学沉积和胶体合成，以获得具有高表面粗糙度的分级结构。这种三维结构由一个花椰菜状的铂沉积组成，上面覆盖着一层铂纳米线网络。与未修改的电极和生理范围内的线性行为相比，电流葡萄糖测量显示灵敏度提高了 10,000 倍（473 μA cm-2 mM-1）。获得的灵敏度是中性 pH 介质中非酶葡萄糖传感器报告的最高值之​​一。分级形态提供了一种取决于反应动力学的选择性机制，在干扰物抗坏血酸存在下将葡萄糖的选择性提高了 2000 倍。低频电化学阻抗谱 (EIS) 进一步增强了选择性。开发计时电流法协议以实现长期稳定性并克服由于电极中毒而导致的灵敏度损失。对电流法和 EIS 测量使用计时电流法协议显着提高了稳定性。所呈现的结果使分层铂微/纳米结构电极成为连续血糖监测的有希望的候选者。