Perovskite materials use earth-abundant elements, have low formation energies for deposition and are compatible with roll-to-roll and other high-volume manufacturing techniques. These features make perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suitable for terawatt-scale energy production with low production costs and low capital expenditure. Demonstrations of performance comparable to that of other thin-film photovoltaics (PVs) and improvements in laboratory-scale cell stability have recently made scale up of this PV technology an intense area of research focus. Here, we review recent progress and challenges in scaling up PSCs and related efforts to enable the terawatt-scale manufacturing and deployment of this PV technology. We discuss common device and module architectures, scalable deposition methods and progress in the scalable deposition of perovskite and charge-transport layers. We also provide an overview of device and module stability, module-level characterization techniques and techno-economic analyses of perovskite PV modules.

钙钛矿材料使用富含地球的元素，具有较低的沉积能，并且与卷对卷和其他大批量制造技术兼容。这些特征使钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）适合于兆瓦级的能源生产，且生产成本低，资本支出低。与其他薄膜光伏（PV）的性能可比的演示以及实验室规模的电池稳定性的提高，最近使这种PV技术的规模化成为研究重点。在这里，我们回顾了扩大PSC的最新进展和挑战，以及为实现太瓦级规模的制造和部署该PV技术而进行的相关努力。我们讨论了常见的设备和模块架构，可伸缩沉积方法以及钙钛矿和电荷传输层可伸缩沉积的进展。我们还提供了钙钛矿型光伏组件的设备和组件稳定性，组件级表征技术以及技术经济分析的概述。