Computational ghost imaging, in which an image is retrieved from a known patterned field that illuminates an object and the total transmitted intensity therefrom, has seen great advances on account of its advantages and potential applications at all wavelengths. However, even though lensless x-ray ghost imaging was anticipated more than a decade ago, its development has been hampered due to the lack of suitable optics. The image quality is proportional to the total flux in conventional projection x-ray imaging, but high photon energy could severely damage the object being imaged, so decreasing the radiation dose while maintaining image quality is a fundamental problem. Using a simple tabletop x-ray source, we have successfully realized ghost imaging of planar and natural objects with a much higher contrast-to-noise ratio compared to projection x-ray imaging at the same low-radiation dose. Ultra-low-flux imaging has been achieved, and thus radiation damage of biological specimens could be greatly reduced with this new technique.

中文翻译：

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超低辐射的台式X射线幻影成像

计算重影成像由于其优点和在所有波长下的潜在应用而已取得了巨大的进步，在计算重影成像中，该图像是从照亮物体的已知构图场中获取图像并从该构图场中获取的总透射强度。然而，即使在十多年前就预计将进行无透镜X射线重影成像，但由于缺乏合适的光学器件，其发展受到了阻碍。图像质量与常规投影X射线成像中的总通量成正比，但是高光子能量会严重损坏被成像的对象，因此在保持图像质量的同时降低辐射剂量是一个基本问题。使用简单的桌面X射线源，在相同的低辐射剂量下，与投影X射线成像相比，我们已经成功实现了平面和自然物体的重影成像，其对比度与噪声比要高得多。已经实现了超低通量成像，因此可以通过这种新技术大大降低生物标本的辐射损伤。