The development of an easy to use, one-pot, environmentally friendly, non-invasive and label-free colorimetric probe for the determination of semen protamines, the biochemical marker of male fertility, using heparin gold nanoparticles (HAuNPs) is presented. The affinity of HAuNPs for protamines was due to the electrostatic interactions between polycationic protamine and polyanionic heparin. The binding of HAuNPs to protamine was characterized by variation in the plasmon absorption spectra followed by a visibly observable colour change of the solution from red to blue. We observed a red shift in the plasmon peak and the method exhibited linearity in the range of 10–70 ng/mL with a detection limit of 5 ng/mL, which is much lower than that reported for colorimetric sensors of protamine. The colour change and the variation in the absorbance of HAuNPs were highly specific for protamines in the presence of different interfering compounds and the method was successfully applied for determining protamine in real samples of semen and serum. Rather than a quantitative estimation, it seems that the method provides a quick screening between a large array of positive and negative samples and, moreover, it maintains the privacy of the user. The method appears to be simple and would be very useful in third-world countries where high-tech diagnostic aids are inaccessible to the majority of the population.

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介绍了一种使用肝素金纳米颗粒（HAuNPs）的易于使用，一锅，环保，无创，无标签比色法测定精液鱼精蛋白的方法的开发，精液鱼精蛋白是雄性不育的生化标志物。HAuNP对鱼精蛋白的亲和力是由于聚阳离子鱼精蛋白和聚阴离子肝素之间的静电相互作用。HAuNP与鱼精蛋白的结合的特征在于等离激元吸收光谱的变化，然后是溶液从红色到蓝色的可见颜色变化。我们观察到等离子体激元峰发生红移，该方法在10–70 ng / mL范围内显示线性，检测限为5 ng / mL，远低于鱼精蛋白比色传感器报道的水平。在存在不同干扰化合物的情况下，HAuNPs的颜色变化和吸光度变化对鱼精蛋白具有高度特异性，该方法已成功地用于测定精液和血清的真实样品中的鱼精蛋白。似乎没有方法进行定量估计，而是提供了在大量正样本和负样本之间进行快速筛选的方法，此外，该方法还维护了用户的隐私。该方法似乎很简单，在大多数人无法获得高科技诊断辅助工具的第三世界国家中将非常有用。似乎该方法可以在大量正样本和负样本之间进行快速筛选，而且可以维护用户的隐私。该方法似乎很简单，在大多数人无法获得高科技诊断辅助工具的第三世界国家中将非常有用。似乎该方法可以在大量正样本和负样本之间进行快速筛选，而且可以维护用户的隐私。该方法似乎很简单，在大多数人无法获得高科技诊断辅助工具的第三世界国家中将非常有用。

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