Fruits and vegetables are the most utilized commodities among all horticultural crops. They are consumed raw, minimally processed, as well as processed, due to their nutrients and health‐promoting compounds. With the growing population and changing diet habits, the production and processing of horticultural crops, especially fruits and vegetables, have increased very significantly to fulfill the increasing demands. Significant losses and waste in the fresh and processing industries are becoming a serious nutritional, economical, and environmental problem. For example, the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has estimated that losses and waste in fruits and vegetables are the highest among all types of foods, and may reach up to 60%. The processing operations of fruits and vegetables produce significant wastes of by‐products, which constitute about 25% to 30% of a whole commodity group. The waste is composed mainly of seed, skin, rind, and pomace, containing good sources of potentially valuable bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids, polyphenols, dietary fibers, vitamins, enzymes, and oils, among others. These phytochemicals can be utilized in different industries including the food industry, for the development of functional or enriched foods, the health industry for medicines and pharmaceuticals, and the textile industry, among others. The use of waste for the production of various crucial bioactive components is an important step toward sustainable development. This review describes the types and nature of the waste that originates from fruits and vegetables, the bioactive components in the waste, their extraction techniques, and the potential utilization of the obtained bioactive compounds.

中文翻译：

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水果和蔬菜废物：生物活性化合物，其提取和可能的利用

水果和蔬菜是所有园艺作物中利用率最高的商品。由于它们的营养成分和促进健康的成分，它们被消耗为未经加工的最低加工量的加工食品。随着人口的增长和饮食习惯的改变，园艺作物，特别是水果和蔬菜的生产和加工已经大大增加，以满足日益增长的需求。新鲜和加工业的大量损失和浪费正成为严重的营养，经济和环境问题。例如，联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）估计，水果和蔬菜中的损失和浪费是所有类型食物中最高的，可能高达60％。水果和蔬菜的加工过程会产生大量的副产品废物，约占整个商品组的25％到30％。废物主要由种子，皮肤，果皮和果渣组成，其中含有大量潜在有价值的生物活性化合物，例如类胡萝卜素，多酚，膳食纤维，维生素，酶和油等。这些植物化学物质可用于不同的行业，包括食品工业，功能性食品或浓缩食品的开发，医药和医药保健行业以及纺织工业等。利用废物生产各种关键的生物活性成分是迈向可持续发展的重要一步。这篇评论描述了源自水果和蔬菜的废物的类型和性质，废物中的生物活性成分，其提取技术，