Heterogeneous catalysis by tungsten-based heteropoly compounds,Catalysis Science & Technology

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Heterogeneous catalysis by tungsten-based heteropoly compounds
Catalysis Science & Technology ( IF 4.4 ) Pub Date : 2018-03-24 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c8cy00281a
Amir Enferadi-Kerenkan _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Trong-On Do _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Serge Kaliaguine _{1,

2,

3,

4}

Affiliation

Tungsten, a fascinating metal, has found a variety of catalytic applications in the form of tungsten sulfides, simple tungsten oxides (e.g. tungsten trioxide, tungstate, tungstic acid, tungstite), and polyoxotungstates (POTs). The latter, which have been less industrialized compared to the others, have attracted a great deal of interest recently stemming from reinforcement of uniquely interesting catalytic properties of polyoxometalates (POMs), such as strong acidity, redox capability, and water tolerance, by distinct inherent properties of tungsten such as having very strong Brønsted acid sites. Additionally, the physical and chemical properties of POMs are widely and readily tunable at the molecular level, holding promise for their application in different reactions. However, the water-solubility property of POTs, resulting in lack of recovery in water-involving reactions, is a controversial challenge. To tackle this obstacle, homogeneous POTs have been heterogenized via different strategies, classified here into three groups: inorganic cation-substituted solid POTs, organo-solidified POTs, and POTs immobilized onto supports. These strategies have occasionally led to the fabrication of even more efficient catalysts compared to the parent homogeneous POT. A large number of heterogeneous POT-based catalysts have been developed so far, which intriguingly have adjustable catalytically important features such as porosity, hydrophobicity, compatibility toward organic species, chemical composition, admissibility to other elements (with tunable host–guest interactions), and magnetic properties. Such adjustments have enabled size-selective catalysis, enhanced catalytic activity in organic media, prevented poisoning of acid sites by water, rendered bifunctional catalysts, and/or provided facile recovery. We review these breakthroughs in a critical and comparative fashion along with highlighting the most interesting achievements of the reported works. Herein, we have tried to list all the recent works on the heterogeneous catalysis applications of POTs in liquid organic reactions. In doing so, photocatalytic applications of POTs and homogeneous POTs with high recoverability have been excluded.

中文翻译：

钨基杂多化合物的多相催化

钨是一种引人入胜的金属，它已以硫化钨，简单的氧化钨（例如，三氧化钨，钨酸盐，钨酸，钨酸盐和多氧钨酸盐（POT）。与其他相比，后者的工业化程度较低，最近由于其独特的内在强度而增强了多金属氧酸盐（POM）独特有趣的催化性能，例如强酸度，氧化还原能力和耐水性，引起了人们的极大兴趣。钨的特性，例如具有非常强的布朗斯台德酸位。此外，POM的物理和化学性质在分子水平上广泛且容易调节，这为它们在不同反应中的应用提供了希望。然而，POTs的水溶性导致在涉及水的反应中缺乏回收，这是一个有争议的挑战。为了解决这一障碍，异构POT已被异构化通过不同的策略，这里分为三类：无机阳离子取代的固体POT，有机固化的POT和固定在载体上的POT。与母体均相POT相比，这些策略有时会导致制造效率更高的催化剂。迄今为止，已经开发出了许多基于多相POT的催化剂，这些催化剂有趣地具有可调节的重要催化特性，例如孔隙率，疏水性，与有机物的相容性，化学组成，对其他元素的容许性（具有可调的主体－客体相互作用），以及磁性。这样的调节使得能够进行尺寸选择催化，增强了在有机介质中的催化活性，防止了水对酸位的毒害，提供了双官能催化剂，和/或提供了简便的回收方法。我们以批判性和比较性的方式回顾了这些突破，并重点介绍了所报道作品的最有趣的成就。本文中，我们试图列出有关POT在液态有机反应中的非均相催化应用的所有最新工作。这样做，已经排除了具有高可回收性的POT和均相POT的光催化应用。

更新日期：2018-03-24

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