BACKGROUND The Mediterranean Diet (MD) is a dietary pattern that features a high quotient of antioxidant-rich foods. Differences in the level of dietary antioxidants intake reflected by different MD indexes has received little research attention. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the dietary antioxidant profile of 21 a priori defined indexes of adherence to the MD. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING A total of 14,756 participants belonging to two Spanish European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohorts, aged 32 to 69 years, recruited between 1992 and 1996, were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Participants provided information on diet through a validated diet history questionnaire. Antioxidants (vitamin C, beta carotene and α-tocopherol), total antioxidant capacity, total polyphenols, flavonoids, and polyphenol antioxidant content score were estimated using different food composition databases. Twenty-one MD indexes were operationalized. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Spearman correlation coefficients between the indexes were calculated and hierarchical clustering was applied to identify cluster groups. Weighted kappa statistic was estimated to value the scoring agreements between indexes. Antioxidant profiles between the MD indexes were compared based on geometric mean intakes. The relationship between each MD index with the components of the antioxidant profile was evaluated using linear multivariable regression analysis. RESULTS Correlation patterns between the MD indexes showed that about half of the indexes were moderately-to-weakly correlated with each other (rho<0.5). The main cluster groups derived denoted the high-, moderate-, and low-correlated MD indexes. Three MD indexes (MD pattern-2002, Prevention with MD, and Alternate MD index) presented the highest mean intakes of antioxidant vitamins, total antioxidant capacity, total polyphenols, flavonoids, and polyphenol antioxidant content score. These and other indexes (mainly those belonging to the MD Scale group) captured higher intake levels of dietary antioxidants overall. CONCLUSIONS The level of dietary antioxidant intake that is captured through the different MD indexes differed due to the variation in their construction. Study results also suggest that some MD indexes reflect a higher antioxidant profile.

中文翻译：

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21 种先验定义的地中海饮食指数的饮食抗氧化特性的比较

背景地中海饮食(MD)是一种饮食模式，其特征在于富含抗氧化剂的食物的高商数。不同MD指标所反映的膳食抗氧化剂摄入量水平的差异很少受到研究关注。目的 本研究的目的是比较 21 种先验定义的 MD 依从性指标的膳食抗氧化特性。设计 一项横断面研究。参与者/设置 共有 14,756 名参与者属于两个西班牙欧洲癌症和营养前瞻性调查队列，年龄 32 至 69 岁，于 1992 年至 1996 年期间招募。主要结果测量参与者通过经过验证的饮食史问卷提供有关饮食的信息。抗氧化剂（维生素 C、β-胡萝卜素和α-生育酚）、总抗氧化能力、总多酚、类黄酮、使用不同的食物成分数据库估计多酚抗氧化剂含量得分。21 个 MD 索引已投入使用。统计分析 计算指标之间的斯皮尔曼相关系数，并应用层次聚类来识别聚类组。估计加权 kappa 统计值来评估指标之间的评分一致性。基于几何平均摄入量比较 MD 指数之间的抗氧化特性。使用线性多变量回归分析评估每个 MD 指数与抗氧化剂成分之间的关​​系。结果 MD 指数之间的相关性模式表明，大约一半的指数相互之间呈中至弱相关（rho < 0.5）。派生的主要集群组表示高、中、和低相关的 MD 指数。三个 MD 指数（MD 模式-2002、预防与 MD 和替代 MD 指数）表现出最高的抗氧化维生素、总抗氧化能力、总多酚、类黄酮和多酚抗氧化剂含量得分的平均摄入量。这些和其他指标（主要是那些属于 MD 量表组的指标）总体上捕获了较高的膳食抗氧化剂摄入量。结论 通过不同 MD 指数捕获的膳食抗氧化剂摄入量水平因其结构的变化而不同。研究结果还表明，一些 MD 指数反映了更高的抗氧化特性。类黄酮和多酚抗氧化剂含量评分。这些和其他指标（主要是那些属于 MD 量表组的指标）总体上捕获了较高的膳食抗氧化剂摄入量。结论 通过不同 MD 指数捕获的膳食抗氧化剂摄入量水平因其结构的变化而不同。研究结果还表明，一些 MD 指数反映了更高的抗氧化特性。类黄酮和多酚抗氧化剂含量评分。这些和其他指标（主要是那些属于 MD 量表组的指标）总体上捕获了较高的膳食抗氧化剂摄入量。结论 通过不同 MD 指数捕获的膳食抗氧化剂摄入量水平因其结构的变化而不同。研究结果还表明，一些 MD 指数反映了更高的抗氧化特性。