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Ratiometric optical nanoprobes enable accurate molecular detection and imaging
Chemical Society Reviews ( IF 40.4 ) Pub Date : 2018-03-23 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00612h Xiaolin Huang 1 , Jibin Song 2 , Bryant C Yung 3 , Xiaohua Huang 4 , Yonghua Xiong 5 , Xiaoyuan Chen 3
Chemical Society Reviews ( IF 40.4 ) Pub Date : 2018-03-23 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00612h Xiaolin Huang 1 , Jibin Song 2 , Bryant C Yung 3 , Xiaohua Huang 4 , Yonghua Xiong 5 , Xiaoyuan Chen 3
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Exploring and understanding biological and pathological changes are of great significance for early diagnosis and therapy of diseases. Optical sensing and imaging approaches have experienced major progress in this field. Particularly, an emergence of various functional optical nanoprobes has provided enhanced sensitivity, specificity, targeting ability, as well as multiplexing and multimodal capabilities due to improvements in their intrinsic physicochemical and optical properties. However, one of the biggest challenges of conventional optical nanoprobes is their absolute intensity-dependent signal readout, which causes inaccurate sensing and imaging results due to the presence of various analyte-independent factors that can cause fluctuations in their absolute signal intensity. Ratiometric measurements provide built-in self-calibration for signal correction, enabling more sensitive and reliable detection. Optimizing nanoprobe designs with ratiometric strategies can surmount many of the limitations encountered by traditional optical nanoprobes. This review first elaborates upon existing optical nanoprobes that exploit ratiometric measurements for improved sensing and imaging, including fluorescence, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and photoacoustic nanoprobes. Next, a thorough discussion is provided on design strategies for these nanoprobes, and their potential biomedical applications for targeting specific biomolecule populations (e.g. cancer biomarkers and small molecules with physiological relevance), for imaging the tumor microenvironment (e.g. pH, reactive oxygen species, hypoxia, enzyme and metal ions), as well as for intraoperative image guidance of tumor-resection procedures.
中文翻译：
比例光学纳米探针可实现精确的分子检测和成像
探索和认识生物学和病理变化对于疾病的早期诊断和治疗具有重要意义。光学传感和成像方法在该领域取得了重大进展。特别是，各种功能性光学纳米探针的出现，由于其固有的物理化学和光学性质的改进，提供了增强的灵敏度、特异性、靶向能力以及多重和多模态能力。然而，传统光学纳米探针的最大挑战之一是其绝对强度相关的信号读出，由于存在各种与分析物无关的因素，可能导致其绝对信号强度波动，从而导致传感和成像结果不准确。比率测量提供内置的信号校正自校准功能，从而实现更灵敏、更可靠的检测。使用比例策略优化纳米探针设计可以克服传统光学纳米探针遇到的许多限制。本综述首先详细阐述了现有的光学纳米探针，这些探针利用比率测量来改进传感和成像，包括荧光、表面增强拉曼散射 (SERS) 和光声纳米探针。接下来，深入讨论了这些纳米探针的设计策略，以及它们针对特定生物分子群（例如癌症生物标志物和具有生理相关性的小分子）的潜在生物医学应用，用于对肿瘤微环境（例如pH、活性氧、缺氧）进行成像、酶和金属离子），以及肿瘤切除手术的术中图像引导。
更新日期：2018-03-23
中文翻译：
比例光学纳米探针可实现精确的分子检测和成像
探索和认识生物学和病理变化对于疾病的早期诊断和治疗具有重要意义。光学传感和成像方法在该领域取得了重大进展。特别是，各种功能性光学纳米探针的出现，由于其固有的物理化学和光学性质的改进，提供了增强的灵敏度、特异性、靶向能力以及多重和多模态能力。然而，传统光学纳米探针的最大挑战之一是其绝对强度相关的信号读出，由于存在各种与分析物无关的因素，可能导致其绝对信号强度波动，从而导致传感和成像结果不准确。比率测量提供内置的信号校正自校准功能，从而实现更灵敏、更可靠的检测。使用比例策略优化纳米探针设计可以克服传统光学纳米探针遇到的许多限制。本综述首先详细阐述了现有的光学纳米探针，这些探针利用比率测量来改进传感和成像，包括荧光、表面增强拉曼散射 (SERS) 和光声纳米探针。接下来，深入讨论了这些纳米探针的设计策略，以及它们针对特定生物分子群（例如癌症生物标志物和具有生理相关性的小分子）的潜在生物医学应用，用于对肿瘤微环境（例如pH、活性氧、缺氧）进行成像、酶和金属离子），以及肿瘤切除手术的术中图像引导。
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