This study provides an overview of established processes as well as recent progress in emerging technologies for advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). In addition to a discussion of major reaction mechanisms and formation of by-products, data on energy efficiency were collected in an extensive analysis of studies reported in the peer-reviewed literature enabling a critical comparison of various established and emerging AOPs based on electrical energy per order (E_EO) values. Despite strong variations within reviewed E_EO values, significant differences could be observed between three groups of AOPs: (1) O₃ (often considered as AOP-like process), O₃/H₂O₂, O₃/UV, UV/H₂O₂, UV/persulfate, UV/chlorine, and electron beam represent median E_EO values of <1 kWh/m³, while median energy consumption by (2) photo-Fenton, plasma, and electrolytic AOPs were significantly higher (E_EO values in the range of 1–100 kWh/m³). (3) UV-based photocatalysis, ultrasound, and microwave-based AOPs are characterized by median values of >100 kWh/m³ and were therefore considered as not (yet) energy efficient AOPs. Specific evaluation of 147 data points for the UV/H₂O₂ process revealed strong effects of operational conditions on reported E_EO values. Besides water type and quality, a major influence was observed for process capacity (lab-vs. pilot-vs. full-scale applications) and, in case of UV-based processes, of the lamp type. However, due to the contribution of other factors, correlation of E_EO values with specific water quality parameters such as UV absorbance and dissolved organic carbon were not substantial. Also, correlations between E_EO and compound reactivity with OH-radicals were not significant (photolytically active compounds were not considered). Based on these findings, recommendations regarding the use of the E_EO concept, including the upscaling of laboratory results, were derived.

这项研究概述了已建立的工艺以及用于高级氧化工艺（AOP）的新兴技术的最新进展。除了讨论主要的反应机理和副产物的形成外，还通过对同行评审文献中报道的研究的广泛分析，收集了能效数据，从而可以根据每单位电能对各种既定和新兴的AOP进行关键比较。阶（E _EO）值。尽管所查看的E _EO值存在很大差异，但在三组AOP之间可以观察到显着差异：（1）O ₃（通常被视为类AOP过程），O ₃ / H ₂ O ₂，O ₃/ UV，UV / H ₂ O ₂，UV /过硫酸盐，UV /氯和电子束表示中值E _EO值<1 kWh / m ³，而中值能耗由（2）光芬顿，等离子体和电解产生AOP明显更高（E _EO值在1-100 kWh / m ³的范围内）。（3）基于紫外线的光催化，基于超声和基于微波的AOP的特征在于中值> 100 kWh / m ³，因此被认为（尚未）具有能源效率。对UV / H ₂ O ₂工艺的147个数据点的具体评估表明，操作条件对所报告的E _EO具有很强的影响价值观。除了水的类型和质量以外，还观察到了对处理能力（实验室与实验与大型应用之间）和灯类型的主要影响（在基于UV的方法中）。但是，由于其他因素的影响，E _EO值与特定水质参数（如UV吸收率和溶解的有机碳）之间的相关性并不明显。同样，E _EO与化合物与OH自由基的反应性之间的相关性也不显着（未考虑光解活性化合物）。基于这些发现，得出了有关使用E _EO概念的建议，包括扩大实验室结果。