Atomic force microscopy imaging of classical and nonclassical surface growth dynamics of calcium orthophosphates,CrystEngComm

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Atomic force microscopy imaging of classical and nonclassical surface growth dynamics of calcium orthophosphates
CrystEngComm ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2018-03-21 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7ce02100c
Meng Li _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Lijun Wang _{1,

2,

3,

4} , Christine V. Putnis _{5,

6,

7,

8,

9}

Affiliation

Calcium orthophosphates (Ca-Ps) have long been the focus of extensive research due to their significance as inorganic phases of biomineral bones and teeth and the primary constituent of the majority of pathological calcified tissues. The utilization of atomic force microscopy (AFM) as an in situ imaging technique is to probe nanoscale and even near-molecular processes during Ca-P crystallization and unravel the underlying modulation mechanisms of biological molecules. According to the solubility defined as the equilibrium solute concentration for Ca-P growth, we first review classical crystallization mechanisms of brushite (DCPD) and the role of step-specific interactions, providing a context for interpreting the changes of step movement velocities and visualizing the modification of the growth hillock (spiral growth) morphology and the step features on a DCPD crystal surface in the presence of growth modulators using AFM. A nonclassical crystallization pathway for octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) is then reviewed so that the effects of biomolecules, such as amelogenin proteins on tooth enamel formation, are set in a broader biomineralization context. Finally, we show how recent advances using AFM-based single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) have provided the energetic basis for probing the interactions between osteopontin (OPN) peptides and HAP to define a thermodynamic understanding of OPN roles in the growth of HAP at biomimetic cell membrane surfaces. These in situ AFM observations improve the fundamental understanding of the interfacial growth of Ca-P biominerals and their biomimetic substitute materials.

中文翻译：

原子力显微镜成像对正磷酸钙的经典和非经典表面生长动力学的影响

正磷酸钙（Ca-Ps）长期以来一直是广泛研究的重点，因为它们作为生物矿物骨骼和牙齿的无机相以及大多数病理性钙化组织的主要成分具有重要意义。原子力显微镜（AFM）的原位利用成像技术是在Ca-P结晶过程中探查纳米级甚至近分子过程，并揭示生物分子的潜在调节机制。根据定义为Ca-P生长的平衡溶质浓度的溶解度，我们首先回顾了透钙磷石（DCPD）的经典结晶机理和阶跃相互作用的作用，为解释阶跃运动速度的变化和可视化在存在使用AFM的生长调节剂的情况下，修改生长丘陵（螺旋形生长）形态和DCPD晶体表面的台阶特征。然后回顾了磷酸八钙（OCP）和羟基磷灰石（HAP）的非经典结晶途径，从而研究了诸如牙釉蛋白原蛋白等生物分子对牙釉质形成的影响，在更广泛的生物矿化环境中进行设定。最后，我们展示了使用基于AFM的单分子力谱（SMFS）的最新进展如何为探查骨桥蛋白（OPN）肽与HAP之间的相互作用提供了有力的基础，从而定义了OPN在仿生过程中HAP生长中的热力学理解细胞膜表面。这些现场原子力显微镜观察提高了对Ca-P生物矿物及其仿生替代材料界面生长的基本了解。

更新日期：2018-03-21

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