Cancer immunotherapy has been emerging in recent years, due to the inherent nature of the immune system. Although recent successes of immunotherapeutics in clinical application have attracted development of a novel immunotherapeutics, the off-target side effect and low immunogenicity of them remain challenges for the effective cancer immunotherapy. Theranostic nanoparticle system may one of key technology to address these issues by offering targeted delivery of various types of immunotherapeutics, resulting in significant improvements in the tumor immunotherapy. However, appropriate design or engineering of nanoparticles will be needed to improve delivery efficiency of antigen, adjuvant and therapeutics, resulting in eliciting antitumor immunity. Here, we review the current state of the art of cancer immunotherapeutic strategies, mainly based on nanoparticles (NPs). This includes NP-based antigen/adjuvant delivery vehicles to draining lymph nodes, and tumor antigen-specific T-lymphocytes for cancer immunotherapy. Several NP-based examples are shown for immune checkpoint modulation and immunogenic cell death. These overall studies demonstrate the great potential of NPs in cancer immunotherapy. Finally, engineering NP strategies will provide great opportunities to improve therapeutic effects as well as optimization of treatment processes, allowing to meet the individual needs in the cancer immunotherapy.

由于免疫系统的固有性质，近年来癌症免疫疗法已经出现。尽管免疫疗法在临床应用中的最新成功吸引了新型免疫疗法的发展，但是它们的脱靶副作用和低免疫原性仍然是有效的癌症免疫疗法的挑战。肿瘤治疗纳米颗粒系统可能是通过提供各种类型的免疫治疗药物的靶向递送来解决这些问题的关键技术之一，从而显着改善了肿瘤免疫治疗。然而，将需要适当设计或改造纳米颗粒以提高抗原，佐剂和治疗剂的递送效率，从而引起抗肿瘤免疫性。在这里，我们回顾了癌症免疫治疗策略的最新状况，主要基于纳米颗粒（NPs）。这包括引流淋巴结的基于NP的抗原/佐剂递送载体，以及用于癌症免疫疗法的肿瘤抗原特异性T淋巴细胞。显示了几个基于NP的例子，用于免疫检查点调节和免疫原性细胞死亡。这些整体研究证明了NP在癌症免疫治疗中的巨大潜力。最后，工程NP策略将提供巨大的机会来改善治疗效果以及优化治疗过程，从而满足癌症免疫疗法中的个性化需求。这些整体研究证明了NP在癌症免疫治疗中的巨大潜力。最后，工程NP策略将提供巨大的机会来改善治疗效果以及优化治疗过程，从而满足癌症免疫疗法中的个性化需求。这些整体研究证明了NP在癌症免疫治疗中的巨大潜力。最后，工程NP策略将提供巨大的机会来改善治疗效果以及优化治疗过程，从而满足癌症免疫疗法中的个性化需求。