The combined effects of climate change and chemical contaminants on plant performance are still not well understood. Especially, whether different sexes of dioecious plants respond differently to combined stresses is unknown. In order to study the sex-related responses of European aspen to soil nTiO₂ contamination (0, 50, 300 mg kg^–1) under elevated temperature ( + 1.6 °C) and CO₂ (730 ppm), we conducted a study in greenhouses. Ti accumulated in roots exposed to nTiO₂ (1.1–3.3 and 2.7–21.1 mg kg^–1 in 50 and 300 mg kg^–1 treatments, respectively). Elevated CO₂ had no effects on Ti uptake, while elevated temperature increased it in the 300 mg kg^–1 treatment. Males grew taller than females under ambient conditions, but females had greater height and biomass increment under elevated temperature. In all climate treatments, nTiO₂ increased leaf phenolics in females by 12–19% and 15–26% at 50 and 300 mg kg^–1, respectively. Leaf phenolics decreased under elevated temperature, but increased under elevated CO₂ in both sexes. Results suggest that females have better chemical defense against nTiO₂ than males under future climate conditions. In the longer run, this may cause changes in the competitive abilities of both sexes, which again may affect sex ratios and genetic variation in nature.

气候变化和化学污染物对植物性能的综合影响尚不清楚。特别是，不同性别的雌雄异株植物对组合胁迫的反应是否不同尚不清楚。为了研究欧洲白杨在高温（+ 1.6°C）和CO ₂（730 ppm）下对土壤nTiO ₂污染（0、50、300 mg kg ^–1）的性别相关反应，我们进行了一项研究。温室。Ti在暴露于nTiO _2的根中累积（分别在50和300 mg kg ^-1处理中分别为1.1–3.3和2.7–21.1 mg kg ^{- 1}）。升高的CO ₂对Ti的吸收没有影响，而升高的温度则以300 mg kg ^–1的浓度升高Ti 2的吸收。治疗。在环境条件下，雄性比雌性长高，但是雌性在高温下具有更高的身高和生物量增加。在所有气候处理中，分别以50和300 mg kg ^-1的剂量，nTiO ₂可使雌性叶片的酚含量_分别提高12-19％和15-26％。男女中的叶酚类物质均在高温下下降，但在CO ₂升高下上升。结果表明，在未来的气候条件下，雌性对nTiO _2的化学防御能力要强于雄性。从长远来看，这可能会导致两性竞争能力的变化，这又可能影响性别比例和自然遗传变异。