This review aims at holistically analyzing the environmental problems associated with nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions by evaluating the most important sources of N₂O and its environmental impacts. Emissions from wastewater treatment processes and the industrial production of nitric and adipic acid represent nowadays the most important anthropogenic point sources of N₂O. Therefore, state-of-the-art strategies to mitigate the generation and release to the atmosphere of this greenhouse and O₃-depleting gas in the waste treatment and industrial sectors are also reviewed. An updated review of the end-of-the-pipe technologies for N₂O abatement, both in the waste treatment and industrial sectors, is herein presented and critically discussed for the first time. Despite the consistent efforts recently conducted in the development of cost-efficient and eco-friendly N₂O abatement technologies, physical/chemical technologies still constitute the most popular treatments for the control of industrial N₂O emissions at commercial scale. The recent advances achieved on biological N₂O abatement based on heterotrophic denitrification have opened new opportunities for the development of eco-friendly alternatives for the treatment of N₂O emissions. Finally, the main limitations and challenges faced by these novel N₂O abatement biotechnologies are identified in order to pave the way for market implementation.

这篇综述旨在通过评估最重要的N ₂ O来源及其对环境的影响，全面分析与一氧化二氮（N ₂ O）排放相关的环境问题。如今，废水处理过程以及工业生产硝酸和己二酸的排放是N ₂ O的最重要的人为来源。因此，采用最先进的策略来减轻这种温室气体的产生和释放到大气中。还审查了废物处理和工业部门中消耗O _3的气体。N ₂的管道末端技术的最新评论本文首次介绍了废物处理和工业领域的减排技术，并进行了严格的讨论。尽管最近在开发具有成本效益和环保的N ₂ O减排技术方面进行了不懈的努力，但是物理/化学技术仍然是控制工业规模工业N ₂ O排放的最受欢迎的方法。基于异养反硝化技术在生物N ₂ O减排方面取得的最新进展为开发用于处理N ₂ O排放的环保替代品提供了新的机遇。最后，这些新颖的N ₂面临的主要局限性和挑战确定了减排生物技术，以便为实施市场铺平道路。