A solvent-free method based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) has been developed for the simultaneous determination of eleven fungicides at trace levels in different types of waters. Several experimental SPME parameters such as temperature, fibre coating, and SPME mode, were optimized in order to obtain the highest extraction efficiency. Under the optimal conditions, 100 °C, polyacrilate fibre (PA) and direct-immersion mode, the method was validated showing good linearity, repeatability and reproducibility. Recovery studies were carried out in four different real water matrices and at three concentration levels (20, 200 and 2000 ng L-1), with overall recovery values between 92 and 104% and relative standard deviations (RSD) about 10%. Limits of detection (LODs) at the low ng L-1 were obtained. The method demonstrated its suitability for the determination of fungicides in real water samples using external calibration for quantification purposes as well as for photodegradation studies at low concentration levels.

中文翻译：

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固相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定天然水中痕量多类杀菌剂

开发了一种基于固相微萃取 (SPME) 和气相色谱-串联质谱 (GC-MS/MS) 的无溶剂方法，用于同时测定不同类型水中痕量水平的 11 种杀菌剂。优化了几个实验 SPME 参数，如温度、纤维涂层和 SPME 模式，以获得最高的提取效率。在最佳条件 100 °C、聚丙烯酸酯纤维 (PA) 和直接浸入模式下，该方法得到验证，显示出良好的线性、重复性和重现性。回收率研究是在四种不同的实际水基质和三种浓度水平（20、200 和 2000 ng L-1）下进行的，总回收率值介于 92% 和 104% 之间，相对标准偏差 (RSD) 约为 10%。获得了低 ng L-1 的检测限 (LOD)。该方法证明其适用于使用外部校准来测定实际水样中的杀菌剂，用于定量目的以及用于低浓度水平的光降解研究。