A simple route is presented to fabricate carboxylic-functional carbon-coated polyacrylonitrile nanofibers (oPAN@C) through preoxidation and hydrothermal carbonization. PAN fibers were firstly preoxidized to form aromatic ladder structure with the resistance to hydrothermal condition, in which more carboxyl groups were introduced on the fiber surface at the present of chitosan and citric acid. The oPAN@C composites exhibit a high adsorption capacity towards methylene blue (MB) and lead ion (Pb²⁺). The adsorption data matched the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model well with the maximum adsorption capacity (153.37 and 143.27 mg g⁻¹) for methylene blue and Pb²⁺, respectively. Moreover, oPAN@C could be regenerated easily by hydrochloric acid, and still remained high removal efficiency after 5 cycles. Therefore, oPAN@C fibers should have potential application in sewage treatment.

提出了一种通过预氧化和水热碳化制备羧基官能碳包覆的聚丙烯腈纳米纤维（oPAN @ C）的简单方法。PAN纤维首先被预氧化以形成具有抗水热条件的芳族梯形结构，其中在壳聚糖和柠檬酸的存在下，在纤维表面引入了更多的羧基。oPAN @ C复合材料表现出对亚甲基蓝（MB）和铅离子（Pb ²⁺）的高吸附能力。吸附数据与拟二级动力学模型和Langmuir模型完全匹配，对亚甲基蓝和Pb ²⁺的最大吸附容量（153.37和143.27 mg g ^-1）， 分别。而且，oPAN @ C可以很容易地用盐酸再生，经过5个循环仍保持较高的去除效率。因此，oPAN @ C纤维在污水处理中应具有潜在的应用前景。