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Three-dimensional printing of multilayered tissue engineering scaffolds
Materials Today ( IF 21.1 ) Pub Date : 2018-10-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2018.02.006 Sean M Bittner 1, 2 , Jason L Guo 1 , Anthony Melchiorri 1, 2 , Antonios G Mikos 1, 2
Materials Today ( IF 21.1 ) Pub Date : 2018-10-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2018.02.006 Sean M Bittner 1, 2 , Jason L Guo 1 , Anthony Melchiorri 1, 2 , Antonios G Mikos 1, 2
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The field of tissue engineering has produced new therapies for the repair of damaged tissues and organs, utilizing biomimetic scaffolds that mirror the mechanical and biological properties of host tissue. The emergence of three-dimensional printing (3DP) technologies has enabled the fabrication of highly complex scaffolds which offer a more accurate replication of native tissue properties and architecture than previously possible. Of strong interest to tissue engineers is the construction of multilayered scaffolds that target distinct regions of complex tissues. Musculoskeletal and dental tissues in particular, such as the osteochondral unit and periodontal complex, are composed of multiple interfacing tissue types, and thus benefit from the usage of multilayered scaffold fabrication. Traditional 3DP technologies such as extrusion printing and selective laser sintering have been used for the construction of scaffolds with gradient architectures and mixed material compositions. Additionally, emerging bioprinting strategies have been used for the direct printing and spatial patterning of cells and chemical factors, capturing the complex organization found in the body. To better replicate the varied and gradated properties of larger tissues, researchers have created scaffolds composed of multiple materials spanning natural polymers, synthetic polymers, and ceramics. By utilizing high precision 3DP techniques and judicious material selection, scaffolds can thus be designed to address the regeneration of previously challenging musculoskeletal, dental, and other heterogeneous target tissues. These multilayered 3DP strategies show great promise in the future of tissue engineering.
中文翻译：
多层组织工程支架的三维打印
组织工程领域利用反映宿主组织机械和生物特性的仿生支架，产生了修复受损组织和器官的新疗法。三维打印（3DP）技术的出现使得高度复杂的支架的制造成为可能，这些支架能够比以前更准确地复制天然组织特性和结构。组织工程师对构建针对复杂组织不同区域的多层支架非常感兴趣。特别是肌肉骨骼和牙科组织，例如骨软骨单位和牙周复合体，由多种界面组织类型组成，因此受益于多层支架制造的使用。传统的 3DP 技术（例如挤出打印和选择性激光烧结）已用于构建具有梯度结构和混合材料成分的支架。此外，新兴的生物打印策略已用于细胞和化学因子的直接打印和空间图案化，捕获体内发现的复杂组织。为了更好地复制较大组织的多样化和渐变特性，研究人员创建了由天然聚合物、合成聚合物和陶瓷等多种材料组成的支架。通过利用高精度 3DP 技术和明智的材料选择，可以设计支架来解决以前具有挑战性的肌肉骨骼、牙科和其他异质目标组织的再生问题。这些多层 3DP 策略在组织工程的未来显示出巨大的前景。
更新日期：2018-10-01
中文翻译：
多层组织工程支架的三维打印
组织工程领域利用反映宿主组织机械和生物特性的仿生支架，产生了修复受损组织和器官的新疗法。三维打印（3DP）技术的出现使得高度复杂的支架的制造成为可能，这些支架能够比以前更准确地复制天然组织特性和结构。组织工程师对构建针对复杂组织不同区域的多层支架非常感兴趣。特别是肌肉骨骼和牙科组织，例如骨软骨单位和牙周复合体，由多种界面组织类型组成，因此受益于多层支架制造的使用。传统的 3DP 技术（例如挤出打印和选择性激光烧结）已用于构建具有梯度结构和混合材料成分的支架。此外，新兴的生物打印策略已用于细胞和化学因子的直接打印和空间图案化，捕获体内发现的复杂组织。为了更好地复制较大组织的多样化和渐变特性，研究人员创建了由天然聚合物、合成聚合物和陶瓷等多种材料组成的支架。通过利用高精度 3DP 技术和明智的材料选择，可以设计支架来解决以前具有挑战性的肌肉骨骼、牙科和其他异质目标组织的再生问题。这些多层 3DP 策略在组织工程的未来显示出巨大的前景。
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