In recent years, the production and usage volumes of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) has increased substantially. Certain OPFRs are suspected reproductive toxins, carcinogenic, and neurotoxic. Insufficient information is available on human exposure pathways to these chemicals, particularly in Australia. We aim to assess the association between OPFR concentrations in the urine of children to environmental and behavioural risk factors. Concentrations of eight OPFRs and eleven metabolites were measured in the urine of 51 children, aged 3–29 months, in Southeast Queensland, Australia and compared to their behavioural and environmental risk factor data obtained by an online questionnaire. Of the 11 OPFR metabolites analysed, 55% were frequently detected in the majority (> 80%) of samples. The most frequently detected metabolite was bis(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) (detected in 100% of samples), followed by 1-hydroxy-2-propyl bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPHIPP) (96%), diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) (94%) and bis(1-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (BCIPP) (86%). In multivariable modelling, age was positively associated with concentrations of bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP) and negatively associated with concentrations of BCIPP and BCIPHIPP. Other non-age related factors, including vacuuming frequency, hand-washing frequency and presence and number of some electrical appliances in the home were also associated with concentrations of OPFR metabolites.

近年来，有机磷酸盐阻燃剂（OPFR）的生产和使用量已大大增加。某些OPFRs被怀疑是生殖毒素，致癌和神经毒性。关于人类暴露于这些化学物质的途径的信息不足，尤其是在澳大利亚。我们旨在评估儿童尿液中OPFR浓度与环境和行为危险因素之间的关联。在澳大利亚昆士兰州东南部的51名3-29个月大的儿童尿液中测量了8种OPFR和11种代谢物的浓度，并将其与通过在线调查表获得的行为和环境危险因素数据进行了比较。在分析的11种OPFR代谢产物中，大多数（> 80％）样品中经常检测到55％。检出率最高的代谢物是bis（1，磷酸3-二氯异丙基酯（BDCIPP）（在100％的样品中检出），其次是1-羟基-2-丙基双（1-氯-2-丙基）磷酸酯（BCIPHIPP）（96％），磷酸二苯酯（DPHP） （94％）和双（1-氯异丙基）磷酸酯（BCIPP）（86％）。在多变量建模中，年龄与磷酸双（2-丁氧基乙基）酯（BBOEP）的浓度呈正相关，与BCIPP和BCIPHIPP的浓度呈负相关。其他与年龄无关的因素，包括吸尘频率，洗手频率以及家庭中某些电器的存在和数量也与OPFR代谢产物的浓度有关。磷酸二苯酯（DPHP）（94％）和磷酸双（1-氯异丙基）酯（BCIPP）（86％）。在多变量建模中，年龄与磷酸双（2-丁氧基乙基）酯（BBOEP）的浓度呈正相关，与BCIPP和BCIPHIPP的浓度呈负相关。其他与年龄无关的因素，包括吸尘频率，洗手频率以及家庭中某些电器的存在和数量也与OPFR代谢产物的浓度有关。磷酸二苯酯（DPHP）（94％）和磷酸双（1-氯异丙基）酯（BCIPP）（86％）。在多变量建模中，年龄与磷酸双（2-丁氧基乙基）酯（BBOEP）的浓度呈正相关，与BCIPP和BCIPHIPP的浓度呈负相关。其他与年龄无关的因素，包括吸尘频率，洗手频率以及家庭中某些电器的存在和数量也与OPFR代谢产物的浓度有关。