The low absorptivity of monolayer or few-layer graphene is one of the key limitations for high performance. To improve the graphene absorption, highly nanostructured or metallic systems have been usually employed, which however rely on the advanced nanofabrication with high cost or strong metallic parasitic absorption. In this study, via thin-film optics, the photonic surface waves based on purely dielectric planar system are proposed to realize perfect optical absorption by monolayer graphene with the thickness of ~ 0.34 nm. The Bloch surface wave (BSW) is found to be excited efficiently from 7-layer dielectric system by carefully addressing the admittance matching conditions, electric/magnetic field confinement, and band structure. Coupling with the strongly localized BSW field, a monolayer graphene shows an absorption ~ 100% at the designed infrared band (1310 nm, which can be tuned readily). With detailedly addressing the excitation condition of BSW, it is found that the perfect absorber can also be realized based on the more generalized surface waves from aperiodic structure. It is believed that the thin-film and purely dielectric surface wave system provides two-dimensional devices a promising opportunity for low-cost and high-performance applications.

单层或几层石墨烯的低吸收率是高性能的关键限制之一。为了改善石墨烯的吸收，通常使用高度纳米结构的或金属的体系，然而，其依赖于具有高成本或强金属寄生吸收的先进的纳米加工。在这项研究中，通过薄膜光学，提出了基于纯介电平面系统的光子表面波，以实现厚度约为0.34 nm的单层石墨烯的完美光吸收。通过仔细研究导纳匹配条件，电场/磁场限制和能带结构，发现可以从7层电介质系统中有效激发Bloch表面波（BSW）。结合高度本地化的BSW字段，单层石墨烯在设计的红外波段（1310 nm，可以很容易地进行调整）显示约100％的吸收。通过详细讨论BSW的激发条件，发现基于非周期性结构的更广义的表面波，也可以实现理想的吸收器。据信，薄膜和纯介电表面波系统为低成本和高性能应用提供了二维器件一个有希望的机会。