Objective

The aim of this study was to improve the mechanical properties, wear resistance and antibacterial properties of conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) by fluorinated graphene (FG), under the premise of not influencing their solubility and fluoride ion releasing property.

Materials and methods

FG with bright white color was prepared using graphene oxide by a hydrothermal reaction. Experimental modified GICs was prepared by adding FG to the traditional GICs powder with four different weight ratios (0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt% and 4 wt%) using mechanical blending. Compressive and flexural strength of each experimental and control group materials were investigated using a universal testing machine. The Vickers microhardness of all the specimens was measured by a Vicker microhardness tester. For tribological properties of the composites, specimens of each group were investigated by high-speed reciprocating friction tester. Fluoride ion releasing was measured by fluoride ion selective electrode methods. The antibacterial effect of GICs/FG composites on selected bacteria (Staphylococci aureus and Streptococcus mutans) was tested with pellicle sticking method.

Results

The prepared GICs/FG composites with white color were successfully fabricated. Increase of Vickers microhardness and compressive strength and decrease of friction coefficient of the GICs/FG composites were achieved compared to unreinforced materials. The colony count against S. aureus and S. mutans decreased with the increase of the content of FG. And the antibacterial rate of S. mutans can be up to 85.27% when the FG content was 4 wt%. Additionally, fluoride ion releasing property and solubility did not show significant differences between unreinforced and FG reinforced GICs.

Significance

Adding FG to traditional GICs could not only improve mechanical and tribological properties of the composites, but also improve their antibacterial properties. In addition, the GICs/FG composites had no negative effect on the color, solubility and fluoride ion releasing properties, which will open up new roads for the application of dental materials.

中文翻译：

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氟化石墨烯改善玻璃离聚物水泥的机械​​，摩擦学和抗菌性能

客观的

这项研究的目的是在不影响其溶解度和氟离子释放性能的前提下，通过氟化石墨烯（FG）改善常规玻璃离聚物水泥（GIC）的机械性能，耐磨性和抗菌性能。

材料和方法

使用氧化石墨烯通过水热反应制备具有亮白色的FG。通过机械混合将FG添加到具有四种不同重量比（0.5 wt％，1 wt％，2 wt％和4 wt％）的传统GICs粉末中来制备实验性修饰的GIC。实验和对照组的每种材料的抗压强度和抗弯强度均使用万能试验机进行了研究。用维氏显微硬度测试仪测量所有样品的维氏显微硬度。对于复合材料的摩擦学性能，通过高速往复摩擦测试仪研究每组的样品。氟离子的释放通过氟离子选择电极法进行测定。GICs / FG复合材料对某些细菌（金黄色葡萄球菌和变形链球菌（Streptococcus mutans）用防护膜粘附法测试。

结果

成功制备了白色的GIC / FG复合材料。与未增强材料相比，GIC / FG复合材料的维氏显微硬度和抗压强度提高，摩擦系数降低。随着FG含量的增加，针对金黄色葡萄球菌和变形链球菌的菌落数减少。当FG含量为4 wt％时，变形链球菌的抗菌率可以达到85.27％。此外，氟离子释放特性和溶解度在未增强的和FG增强的GIC之间没有显示出显着差异。

意义

在传统的GIC中添加FG不仅可以改善复合材料的机械和摩擦学性能，而且可以提高其抗菌性能。此外，GICs / FG复合材料对颜色，溶解度和氟离子释放特性没有负面影响，这将为牙科材料的应用开辟新的道路。