Abstract Among promising novel membrane materials for enhancing desalination performance, graphene has been realized as a high potential candidate due to its unique properties. However, large area graphene membrane, dominantly available through wet transfer and assistance of polymers, has inevitable features like defects, holes and cracks that could limit realistic prospects of industrial-scale production of desalination membranes. Here, using hole arrays in silicon as a secondary and a fine mesh grid as an initial support, we experimentally designed a mobile nanoporous graphene membrane with tunable salt rejection and water permeation by favourably limiting the undesired effects of defects and holes on the graphene. A model is also presented to support the experiments and give more insight into the possible superpositions (i.e. motifs) that occur by movements of graphene/grid over silicon hole arrays. Using the moveable assembly of graphene/grid/hole arrays and the consequent motifs, a range of high permeation (4.34 × 107–5.90 × 107 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) and NaCl rejection (58%–100%) values were obtained. The moveable assembly of graphene/grid on fixed silicon hole arrays opens possibilities of fabrication of scalable atomically thin membranes for water desalination and can be applied for many other separation purposes specifically ion selectivity and filtration of multivalent ions or larger molecules.

中文翻译：

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基于载体的新型单层纳米多孔石墨烯膜用于有效的海水淡化

摘要 在用于提高海水淡化性能的有前途的新型膜材料中，石墨烯因其独特的性能而被认为是一种极具潜力的候选材料。然而，主要通过湿转移和聚合物辅助获得的大面积石墨烯膜具有不可避免的特征，如缺陷、孔洞和裂缝，可能会限制海水淡化膜工业规模生产的现实前景。在这里，我们使用硅中的孔阵列作为辅助和细网状网格作为初始支撑，通过有利地限制缺陷和孔对石墨烯的不良影响，实验设计了具有可调盐截留率和水渗透性的移动纳米多孔石墨烯膜。还提供了一个模型来支持实验并更深入地了解可能的叠加（即 图案）由石墨烯/网格在硅孔阵列上的移动而发生。使用石墨烯/网格/孔阵列的可移动组件和随之而来的图案，一系列高渗透（4.34 × 107–5.90 × 107 L m−2 h−1 bar−1）和 NaCl 排斥（58%–100%）值获得。石墨烯/网格在固定硅孔阵列上的可移动组装开辟了制造用于海水淡化的可扩展原子薄膜的可能性，并可应用于许多其他分离目的，特别是离子选择性和多价离子或更大分子的过滤。