We recently reported in Gut that non-coeliac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) is associated with a state of systemic immune activation in conjunction with a compromised intestinal epithelium.1 Patients with NCWS experience GI symptoms, most commonly including abdominal pain and bloating, as well as extraintestinal symptoms, among which fatigue, headache and cognitive difficulties feature prominently.1 2 A principal component analysis of the generated data from our study, including markers of antibody reactivity to wheat gluten, intestinal cell damage and systemic innate and adaptive immune responses to microbial components, found clustering of the patients and controls into discernible groups and demonstrated the potential utility of the identified biomarkers for identifying patients with NCWS.1 Extreme fatigue, in particular one that does not improve with rest, is a hallmark of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).3 Immune system abnormalities have been found to be associated with symptoms in a substantial number of patients with ME/CFS.4 5 Furthermore, many patients complain of GI symptoms of unknown aetiology. …

中文翻译：

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肌痛性脑脊髓炎/慢性疲劳综合征患者非腹腔小麦敏感性标志物

尤其是休息后不能改善的症状，是肌痛性脑脊髓炎/慢性疲劳综合征 (ME/CFS) 的标志。3 已发现大量 ME/CFS 患者的免疫系统异常与症状有关。4 5 此外，许多患者抱怨病因不明的胃肠道症状。…