Molecular structures of the unpromoted and K₂O-promoted supported WO₃/Al₂O₃ catalysts were studied with in situ Raman and UV–vis spectroscopy. In situ Raman spectra revealed that supported 20% WO₃/Al₂O₃ corresponds to near monolayer coverage of isolated and oligomeric surface WO_x species on Al₂O₃. Above monolayer surface WO_x coverage (21% WO₃/Al₂O₃), crystalline WO₃ nanoparticles are also present. The addition of K₂O to the supported WO₃/Al₂O₃ catalyst increased the concentration of isolated surface WO_x species and did not form K₂WO₄ nanoparticles. The reducibility of the tungsten oxide structures depends on their structures (2D or 3D) and the K₂O promoter. Their interaction with acidic CO₂ and SO₂ gases was also investigated. Adsorption of CO₂ creates several surface carbonate species of varying acidity that were detected using a combination of in situ IR and mass spectroscopy. Adsorbed bicarbonate form on weakly basic surface sites on tungsten oxide monolayer WO₃/Al₂O₃ catalyst as well as in the presence of low 2.5% K₂O loading. At high 5% K₂O loading, the presence of the strong surface basic sites yields adsorbed carbonates. After SO₂ pretreatment, however, new strongly adsorbed sulfate appears on the surface that inhibits CO₂ adsorption.

用原位拉曼光谱和紫外可见光谱研究了未助催化和K ₂ O助催化的WO ₃ / Al ₂ O ₃催化剂的分子结构。原位拉曼光谱显示支撑20％WO ₃ / Al的_2个ö ₃对应于分离和低聚表面WO的附近单层覆盖_X物种对Al ₂ ö ₃。单层表面上方的WO _x覆盖率（21％WO ₃ / Al ₂ O ₃），结晶WO ₃纳米颗粒也存在。向负载的WO ₃ / Al ₂ O ₃催化剂中添加K ₂ O增加了分离的表面WO _x物质的浓度，并且没有形成K ₂ WO ₄纳米颗粒。氧化钨结构的还原性取决于它们的结构（2D或3D）和K ₂ O促进剂。还研究了它们与酸性CO ₂和SO ₂气体的相互作用。CO _2的吸附会产生几种酸度不同的表面碳酸盐物质，这些酸碳酸盐是通过原位结合检测出的红外和质谱。吸附的碳酸氢盐在氧化钨单层WO ₃ / Al ₂ O ₃催化剂上的弱碱性表面部位以及低2.5％K ₂ O负载下形成。在高5％K ₂ O负载下，强表面碱性位点的存在会产生吸附的碳酸盐。然而，在SO ₂预处理之后，新的强烈吸附的硫酸盐出现在抑制CO ₂吸附的表面上。