Abstract This article offers a comprehensive overview of research on fuel reforming in internal combustion engines (ICE). It includes a historical perspective of research in this field, a discussion on the considerations to be made prior to choosing a primary fuel for reforming purposes, and the main processes in fuel reforming. Steam reforming offers a moderate degree of thermochemical recuperation and is applicable to methanol and ethanol feeding. Reforming with air reduces the degree of recuperation, but opens up the use of heavier fuels such as gasoline and diesel fuel. Dry reforming (with CO2) offers the best recuperation but is prone to fast coking. The choice of catalyst and the expected side reactions for each fuel are also discussed. While there is extensive literature on steam reforming catalysts and kinetics at atmospheric pressure, studies at higher pressures and/or on decomposition reactions are very few. The thermodynamics of fuel reforming in ICE and simulation approaches are also discussed. The paper also reports on engineering aspects of fuel reformer design and provides an overview of engines with thermo-chemical recuperation (TCR), fuel supply, and load control strategies in ICE with TCR. In-cylinder fuel reforming as well as application of fuel reforming for performance improvement of emission aftertreatment systems are subsequently discussed. This overview reveals ongoing diverse research activities in the field of onboard fuel reforming. However, several problems, including reformate burning velocity at typical for ICE conditions, in-cylinder behavior of directly injected reformates and particle formation still need to be addressed. A discussion on some of these unresolved issues is attempted herein.

中文翻译：

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内燃机中的燃料重整

摘要 本文全面概述了内燃机 (ICE) 燃料重整的研究。它包括该领域研究的历史视角，讨论了在选择用于重整目的的初级燃料之前要考虑的因素，以及燃料重整的主要过程。蒸汽重整提供中等程度的热化学回收，适用于甲醇和乙醇的进料。用空气重整会降低回收程度，但可以使用更重的燃料，如汽油和柴油。干法重整（使用 CO2）提供了最好的回收，但容易快速焦化。还讨论了催化剂的选择和每种燃料的预期副反应。虽然有大量关于大气压下蒸汽重整催化剂和动力学的文献，在更高压力和/或分解反应下的研究很少。还讨论了 ICE 中燃料重整的热力学和模拟方法。该论文还报告了燃料重整器设计的工程方面，并概述了具有热化学回收 (TCR)、燃料供应和带 TCR 的 ICE 中的负载控制策略的发动机。随后讨论了缸内燃料重整以及燃料重整在排放后处理系统性能改进中的应用。本概述揭示了机载燃料重整领域正在进行的各种研究活动。然而，仍然需要解决几个问题，包括典型的 ICE 条件下的重整油燃烧速度、直接注入的重整油的缸内行为和颗粒形成。