The fruit fly can evaluate its energy state and decide whether to pursue food-related cues. Here, we reveal that the mushroom body (MB) integrates hunger and satiety signals to control food-seeking behavior. We have discovered five pathways in the MB essential for hungry flies to locate and approach food. Blocking the MB-intrinsic Kenyon cells (KCs) and the MB output neurons (MBONs) in these pathways impairs food-seeking behavior. Starvation bi-directionally modulates MBON responses to a food odor, suggesting that hunger and satiety controls occur at the KC-to-MBON synapses. These controls are mediated by six types of dopaminergic neurons (DANs). By manipulating these DANs, we could inhibit food-seeking behavior in hungry flies or promote food seeking in fed flies. Finally, we show that the DANs potentially receive multiple inputs of hunger and satiety signals. This work demonstrates an information-rich central circuit in the fly brain that controls hunger-driven food-seeking behavior.

中文翻译：

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果蝇蘑菇体整合饥饿和饱腹感信号来控制先天的觅食行为

果蝇可以评估其能量状态并决定是否追求与食物相关的线索。在这里，我们揭示了蘑菇体 (MB) 整合饥饿和饱腹感信号来控制觅食行为。我们在 MB 中发现了饥饿的苍蝇定位和接近食物所必需的五种途径。阻断这些通路中的 MB 内在 Kenyon 细胞 (KCs) 和 MB 输出神经元 (MBONs) 会损害觅食行为。饥饿双向调节 MBON 对食物气味的反应，表明饥饿和饱腹感控制发生在 KC 到 MBON 的突触上。这些控制由六种类型的多巴胺能神经元 (DAN) 介导。通过操纵这些 DAN，我们可以抑制饥饿苍蝇的觅食行为或促进进食苍蝇的觅食行为。最后，我们表明 DAN 可能会接收多种饥饿和饱腹感信号输入。这项工作展示了果蝇大脑中一个信息丰富的中央回路，它控制着饥饿驱动的觅食行为。