Abstract Materials subjected to high dose irradiation by energetic particles often experience severe damage in the form of drastic increase of defect density, and significant degradation of their mechanical and physical properties. Extensive studies on radiation effects in materials in the past few decades show that, although nearly no materials are immune to radiation damage, the approaches of deliberate introduction of certain types of defects in materials before radiation are effective in mitigating radiation damage. Nanostructured materials with abundant internal defects have been extensively investigated for various applications. The field of radiation damage in nanostructured materials is an exciting and rapidly evolving arena, enriched with challenges and opportunities. In this review article, we summarize and analyze the current understandings on the influence of various types of internal defect sinks on reduction of radiation damage in primarily nanostructured metallic materials, and partially on nanoceramic materials. We also point out open questions and future directions that may significantly improve our fundamental understandings on radiation damage in nanomaterials. The integration of extensive research effort, resources and expertise in various fields may eventually lead to the design of advanced nanomaterials with unprecedented radiation tolerance.

中文翻译：

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纳米结构材料的辐射损伤

摘要 材料受到高能粒子高剂量辐照后，往往会出现缺陷密度急剧增加、机械物理性能显着下降的严重损伤。过去几十年对材料辐射效应的广泛研究表明，虽然几乎没有材料对辐射损伤免疫，但在辐射前故意在材料中引入某些类型的缺陷的方法可以有效减轻辐射损伤。具有丰富内部缺陷的纳米结构材料已被广泛研究用于各种应用。纳米结构材料中的辐射损伤领域是一个令人兴奋且快速发展的领域，充满挑战和机遇。在这篇评论文章中，我们总结和分析了目前对各种类型的内部缺陷汇对减少主要纳米结构金属材料和部分纳米陶瓷材料辐射损伤的影响的理解。我们还指出了可能会显着提高我们对纳米材料辐射损伤的基本理解的开放性问题和未来方向。整合各个领域的广泛研究工作、资源和专业知识，最终可能会导致设计出具有前所未有的辐射耐受性的先进纳米材料。我们还指出了可能会显着提高我们对纳米材料辐射损伤的基本理解的开放性问题和未来方向。整合各个领域的广泛研究工作、资源和专业知识，最终可能会导致设计出具有前所未有的辐射耐受性的先进纳米材料。我们还指出了可能会显着提高我们对纳米材料辐射损伤的基本理解的开放性问题和未来方向。整合各个领域的广泛研究工作、资源和专业知识，最终可能会导致设计出具有前所未有的辐射耐受性的先进纳米材料。