Advances in polymer synthetic approaches have significantly enhanced the ability to rationally design the block copolymers with tailor-made functionality and variable molecular weight. Hence, block copolymers have been extensively applied in the formulation of nanostructure materials. Owing to their amphiphilic characteristics, block copolymers can generate different nanostructures, providing easy adjustability of their size, stability and surface chemistry. In this review, block copolymer classification, synthesis, characterization, stimuli-responsive behavior and nanostructure applications are summarized. Although block copolymers hold great potential for improving the therapeutic efficacy of drugs, a comprehensive delivery potential of these systems has not been fully exploited. Thus, an outlook on future developments on block-copolymer-based assemblies are further discussed. The new developments in block copolymers are expected to contribute significantly to the field of polymeric nanomedicine.

聚合物合成方法的进步显着增强了合理设计具有量身定制的官能度和可变分子量的嵌段共聚物的能力。因此，嵌段共聚物已被广泛地应用于纳米结构材料的配方中。由于其两亲特性，嵌段共聚物可以产生不同的纳米结构，从而使其尺寸，稳定性和表面化学性质易于调节。在这篇综述中，总结了嵌段共聚物的分类，合成，表征，刺激响应行为和纳米结构应用。尽管嵌段共聚物具有改善药物治疗功效的巨大潜力，但是这些系统的综合递送潜力尚未得到充分利用。因此，进一步讨论了基于嵌段共聚物的组件的未来发展前景。嵌段共聚物的新发展有望为聚合物纳米医学领域做出重要贡献。