A large array of diseases caused by bacterial pathogens and origination of multidrug resistance in their gene provokes the need of developing new vectors or novel drug molecules for effective drug delivery and thus, better treatment of disease. The nanoparticle has emerged as a novel drug molecule in last decade and has been used in various industrial fields like cosmetics, healthcare, agricultural, pharmaceuticals due to their high optical, electronic, medicinal properties. Use of nanoparticles as an antibacterial agent remain in current studies with metal nanoparticles like silver, gold, copper, iron and metal oxide nanoparticles like zinc oxide, copper oxide, titanium oxide and iron oxide nanoparticles. The high anti-bacterial activity of nanoparticles is due to their large surface area to volume ratio which allows binding of a large number of ligands on nanoparticle surface and hence, its complexation with receptors present on the bacterial surface. Green synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle (ZnO NP) and its anti-bacterial application has been particularly discussed in the review literature. The present study highlights differential nanoparticle attachment to gram + and gram - bacterial surface and different mechanism adopted by nanoparticle for bacterial control. Pharmacokinetics and applications of ZnO NP are also discussed briefly.

由细菌病原体和其基因中的多药耐药性引起的多种疾病引发了对开发新载体或新型药物分子以有效递送药物并因此更好地治疗疾病的需求。在过去的十年中，纳米颗粒已经成为一种新型药物分子，并且由于其高的光学，电子和药用特性，已被用于化妆品，医疗保健，农业，制药等各种工业领域。在当前的研究中，仍将纳米颗粒用作抗菌剂，以用于金属纳米颗粒，例如银，金，铜，铁和金属氧化物纳米颗粒，例如氧化锌，氧化铜，氧化钛和氧化铁纳米颗粒。纳米颗粒的高抗菌活性是由于它们的表面积与体积之比大，这允许纳米颗粒表面上大量配体的结合，并因此使其与细菌表面上存在的受体络合。综述文献中特别讨论了氧化锌纳米粒子（ZnO NP）的绿色合成及其抗菌应用。本研究着重介绍了纳米颗粒对革兰氏+和革兰氏细菌表面的附着差异以及纳米颗粒用于细菌控制的不同机制。还简要讨论了ZnO NP的药代动力学及其应用。综述文献中特别讨论了氧化锌纳米粒子（ZnO NP）的绿色合成及其抗菌应用。本研究着重介绍了纳米颗粒对革兰氏+和革兰氏细菌表面的附着差异以及纳米颗粒用于细菌控制的不同机制。还简要讨论了ZnO NP的药代动力学及其应用。综述文献中特别讨论了氧化锌纳米粒子（ZnO NP）的绿色合成及其抗菌应用。本研究着重介绍了纳米颗粒对革兰氏+和革兰氏细菌表面的附着差异以及纳米颗粒用于细菌控制的不同机制。还简要讨论了ZnO NP的药代动力学及其应用。