One of the most important factors governing the photovoltaic efficiency and environmental stability of Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) is the quality of their perovskite films. However, the present study demonstrates that CH₃NH₃PbI₃ perovskite films after anti-solvent washing are far from perfect on the surface, where the crystallization degree is quite low with complex multi-phases associated with numerous defects and notable chemical inhomogeneity. Herein, we report a novel anti-solvent washing treatment simply using Hydrogen Iodide (HI) additive in chlorobenzene (CB) which can enormously improve CH₃NH₃PbI₃ films surface with high crystallization phase purity and chemical homogeneity, leading to excellent structural stability under humidity, heat and even tensile force. Based on such high quality films with defect-less surface, fabricated planar PSCs with an architecture of ITO/TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/MoO_x/Au present a champion PCE of 19.94% and improved stability under humidity. Moreover, fabricated flexible planar PSCs on PET/ITO substrates with a champion PCE of 17.32% are shown to be more robust under tensile force than their control devices. The present study thus not only provides more insight into the facile defects passivation process on the surface achieved via balancing halide ions, but also provides a practical but efficient treatment which can be widely used to fabricate high quality CH₃NH₃PbI₃ films for environmentally stable high performance device applications.

钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）的光伏效率和环境稳定性的最重要因素之一是钙钛矿薄膜的质量。然而，本研究表明，反溶剂洗涤后的CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃钙钛矿薄膜在表面上不是很完美，其结晶度非常低，具有复杂的多相且存在许多缺陷和明显的化学不均匀性。本文中，我们报告了一种新颖的反溶剂清洗处理方法，该方法仅在氯苯（CB）中使用碘化氢（HI）添加剂即可极大地改善CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI _3。薄膜表面具有高结晶相纯度和化学均质性，从而在潮湿，高温甚至拉伸力下均具有出色的结构稳定性。基于这样的高品质的薄膜与缺陷较少的表面，制成平坦的PSC与ITO /二氧化钛的架构₂ / CH ₃ NH ₃碘化铅₃ /螺环-OMeTAD /的MoO _X / Au的本的19.94％冠军PCE和改进的稳定性下湿度。此外，在PET / ITO基板上以17.32％的最佳PCE制成的柔性平面PSC被证明比其控制装置在拉伸力下更坚固。因此，本研究不仅提供了更多有关通过以下方法实现的表面上的易缺陷钝化过程的见解。平衡卤离子，还提供了一种实用而有效的处理方法，可广泛用于制造高质量的CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃膜，用于环境稳定的高性能器件应用。