Nanotechnology is comprised of a wide range of technologies dealing with nano-sized structures (at least one dimension from 1 to 100 nm). Nanomaterials are classified as naturally occurring, incidentally synthesized, and intentionally manufactured. Potential benefits of manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) with different chemical compositions have been welcomed in various parts of the food industry such as food packaging and food security. Oral administration is the main way of introducing NPs into the human body. It has been demonstrated by the researchers that NPs have the potential to pose a greater threat to microbiota than bulk materials due to their particle size, surface chemistry, shape, internal structure, and intermediate stability. Even though nanotechnology is now widely applied in many areas of the food industry, the potential risks their extensive use could pose to the consumers and manufactured products are not yet fully understood. The literature shows that there is a knowledge gap about the presence or amounts of different NPs that could enter human body through different foodstuffs. This article is a review of the ways that the most widely found NPs enter human body, animals, plants and the environment. It focuses on the potential biosafety problems NPs might cause upon entering the human body. It also discusses the factors involved in the toxicity of NPs.

纳米技术由涉及纳米结构（至少一维从1到100 nm）的各种技术组成。纳米材料被分类为天然存在的，偶然合成的和有意制造的。具有不同化学成分的人造纳米颗粒（NPs）的潜在好处已在食品工业的各个部分受到欢迎，例如食品包装和食品安全。口服是将NPs引入人体的主要方法。研究人员已经证明，由于NPs的粒径，表面化学性质，形状，内部结构和中间稳定性，与散装材料相比，NPs可能对微生物群构成更大的威胁。即使现在纳米技术已广泛应用于食品工业的许多领域，它们的广泛使用可能对消费者构成的潜在风险，并且尚未完全理解制成品。文献表明，关于可能通过不同食品进入人体的不同NP的存在或数量存在知识差距。本文是对最广泛发现的NP进入人体，动物，植物和环境的方式的综述。它着重于NPs进入人体时可能引起的潜在生物安全问题。它还讨论了与NPs毒性有关的因素。本文是对最广泛发现的NP进入人体，动物，植物和环境的方式的综述。它着重于NPs进入人体时可能引起的潜在生物安全问题。它还讨论了与NPs毒性有关的因素。本文是对最广泛发现的NP进入人体，动物，植物和环境的方式的综述。它着重于NPs进入人体时可能引起的潜在生物安全问题。它还讨论了与NPs毒性有关的因素。