Imaging the chemical activity of single nanoparticles with optical microscopy,Chemical Society Reviews

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Imaging the chemical activity of single nanoparticles with optical microscopy
Chemical Society Reviews ( IF 40.4 ) Pub Date : 2018-03-15 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00451f
Wei Wang _{1,

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Affiliation

Nanomaterials exhibit structural and functional heterogeneity among individual nanoparticles, thus requiring a capability to study single nanoparticles. While electron microscopes often provide static images of their chemical composition, morphology and structure, imaging the chemical activity of single nanoparticles is highly desirable for exploring the structure–activity relationship via a bottom-up strategy, to understand their microscopic reaction mechanisms and kinetics, and to identify a minority subpopulation with extraordinary activity. Recently, various optical microscopes have been emerging as powerful techniques towards this goal, owing to their non-invasive nature, excellent sensitivity, diversified spectroscopic principles and sufficient spatial and temporal resolution. In this review, we first introduce the motivational concept and the strength of using optical microscopy to study the chemical activity of single nanoparticles. In the second section, five types of commonly used optical microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, dark-field microscopy, surface plasmon resonance microscopy, Raman microscopy and photothermal microscopy are described, with an emphasis on their applicable nanomaterials and mechanisms for application. Recent achievements of these techniques in nanosensing, nanoelectrochemistry and nanocatalysis are surveyed and summarized in the subsequent sections, respectively. We finally conclude with our perspective on the remaining challenges and the future trends in this field.

中文翻译：

用光学显微镜成像单个纳米颗粒的化学活性

纳米材料在各个纳米颗粒之间表现出结构和功能上的异质性，因此需要具有研究单个纳米颗粒的能力。尽管电子显微镜通常会提供其化学组成，形态和结构的静态图像，但对单个纳米颗粒的化学活性进行成像非常可取，可通过自下而上的策略，以了解其微观反应机制和动力学，并确定具有异常活性的少数亚群。近来，由于其非侵入性，优异的灵敏度，多样化的光谱原理以及足够的时空分辨率，各种光学显微镜已成为实现该目标的强大技术。在这篇综述中，我们首先介绍了使用光学显微镜研究单个纳米粒子化学活性的动机概念和强度。在第二部分中，介绍了五种常用的光学显微镜，荧光显微镜，暗场显微镜，表面等离振子共振显微镜，拉曼显微镜和光热显微镜，重点介绍其适用的纳米材料及其应用机理。这些技术在纳米传感，纳米电化学和纳米催化方面的最新成就分别在随后的部分中进行了概述。最后，我们以对这一领域尚存的挑战和未来趋势的观点作为结束。

更新日期：2018-03-15

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