The definition, recommended treatment thresholds and targets of hypertension have been updated in the recent 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults. However, the impacts of this guideline on Chinese population are currently unknown. In this study, we aim to provide updated data in China using criteria from the updated guideline. A multistage, stratified sampling method was used to obtain a representative sample of 50,171 adults aged 18 years and above. Hypertension was defined as an average systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg, or an average diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mm Hg, or self-reported use of antihypertensive medications in past 2 weeks. The weighted prevalence of hypertension was 60.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 59.3%–61.0%). The treatment rate and recommended treatment rate were 16.8% (95% CI 16.1%–17.6%) and 53.7% (95% CI 52.6%–54.9%), respectively; the gap was more prominent among men and participants from rural areas. Hence, the adoption of the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline will lead to a substantial increase in both prevalence and number of patients needing treatment in China. The applicability of this guideline should be carefully evaluated based on evidence from Chinese population.